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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-methoxy-5-<4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)butyl>phenol 117048-68-7 C20H26O5
    2-methoxy-5-<4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)butyl>phenol
    —— 2-[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]phenol 171561-26-5 C35H32O3P2
    2-[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]phenol
    —— Methyl 5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)pentanoate 205052-12-6 C13H18O4
    Methyl 5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)pentanoate
    —— 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 140161-07-5 C12H14O4
    4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole 137116-72-4 C14H12O4
    2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole
    —— m,m'-selenodiphenol 98040-20-1 C12H10O2Se
    m,m'-selenodiphenol
    —— 4-{(4R,5R)-4,5-Bis-[(diphenylphosphanyl)-methyl]-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl}-phenol 171561-27-6 C35H32O3P2
    4-{(4R,5R)-4,5-Bis-[(diphenylphosphanyl)-methyl]-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl}-phenol
    —— 4-((3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)amino)benzonitrile 537674-82-1 C17H15N5O2
    4-((3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)amino)benzonitrile
    —— (R)-N-Boc-m-hydroxy-p-methoxyphenyl-Gly 391213-72-2 C14H19NO6
    (R)-N-Boc-m-hydroxy-p-methoxyphenyl-Gly
    —— 2-(4-Benzyloxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-ethanol 787571-87-3 C17H20O2
    2-(4-Benzyloxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-ethanol
    —— (5E)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 5556-31-0 C11H8ClNO3S2
    (5E)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-(2-cyclohexenyl)-benzol 64252-19-3 C13H16O2
    2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-(2-cyclohexenyl)-benzol
    —— 5-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-Δ<sup>2</sup>-isoxazoline 294875-43-7 C10H8F3NO3
    5-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-Δ<sup>2</sup>-isoxazoline
    —— 4-nitro-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenol 1188417-61-9 C11H13NO3Si
    4-nitro-2-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenol
    —— 4-nitro-2-(thien-2-yl)phenol 373380-63-3 C10H7NO3S
    4-nitro-2-(thien-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-[(4-Bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylphenol 36239-55-1 C14H12BrNO
    2-[(4-Bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylphenol
    —— (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester 80367-36-8 C13H18O4
    (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— Parvifloral 21973-34-2 C15H18O3
    Parvifloral
    —— 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-nitro-phenol 80419-49-4 C7H6ClNO3
    6-chloro-2-methyl-3-nitro-phenol
    —— N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-diaminoethane 1257328-69-0 C18H24N2O2
    N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-diaminoethane
    —— disalicylaldimine anthranylamide 42246-48-0 C21H17N3O3
    disalicylaldimine anthranylamide
    —— 2-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-6-{[(2'-dimethylaminoethyl)methylamino]methyl}phenol 1570188-71-4 C17H30N2O2
    2-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-6-{[(2'-dimethylaminoethyl)methylamino]methyl}phenol
    —— 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzylhydrazine,methylate 1246817-07-1 C8H14N2O4
    2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzylhydrazine,methylate
    —— (E)-6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)indolin-2-one 1148119-14-5 C16H12ClNO3
    (E)-6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)indolin-2-one
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-azaphosphorinane-3-oxide 1075800-08-6 C10H14NO3P
    2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-azaphosphorinane-3-oxide
    —— 2,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-<i>trans</i>-styryl)-pyridine 114863-90-0 C23H21NO4
    2,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-<i>trans</i>-styryl)-pyridine
    —— 3,5-dimethoxy-[4-(13)C]phenol 1256603-03-8 C8H10O3
    3,5-dimethoxy-[4-(13)C]phenol
    —— [2-(13)C]phloroglucinol 1256603-01-6 C6H6O3
    [2-(13)C]phloroglucinol
    —— [2-13C]resorcinol 85940-98-3 C6H6O2
    [2-13C]resorcinol
    —— <methyl-14C>-metacresol 65135-15-1 C7H8O
    <methyl-14C>-metacresol
    —— 3-[8-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pentadecyl]phenol 96712-09-3 C27H40O2
    3-[8-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pentadecyl]phenol
    —— cardbisphenol 113494-64-7 C27H40O2
    cardbisphenol
    —— 2,6-Dichlorovanillin 108545-01-3 C8H6Cl2O3
    2,6-Dichlorovanillin
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-phenyl-furo[3,2-b]furan-2,5-dione 487-33-2 C18H10O5
    3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-6-phenyl-furo[3,2-b]furan-2,5-dione
    —— 2-amino-4,6-bis-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-nitrocyclohex-2-ene-1,3,3-tricarbonitrile 1228031-37-5 C23H19N5O6
    2-amino-4,6-bis-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-nitrocyclohex-2-ene-1,3,3-tricarbonitrile
    —— 4-Chlor-2-aethyl-6-aethylphenol 53346-76-2 C10H13ClO
    4-Chlor-2-aethyl-6-aethylphenol
    —— Calcium;2-dodecylphenol;formaldehyde;methanamine;sulfane;dihydroxide —— C20H41CaNO4S
    Calcium;2-dodecylphenol;formaldehyde;methanamine;sulfane;dihydroxide
    —— 2,5,6-Trifluor-4-nitroresorcinol 31438-88-7 C6H2F3NO4
    2,5,6-Trifluor-4-nitroresorcinol
    —— Ethyl 4-cyano-5-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate 1426384-42-0 C17H17NO5S2
    Ethyl 4-cyano-5-propan-2-ylsulfanyl-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate
    —— (2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(4-methyl-pyrazolyl)methane 1401660-69-2 C15H16N4O
    (2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(4-methyl-pyrazolyl)methane
    —— 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide 61712-36-5 C8H9BrN2O5S
    3-bromo-4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-5-nitrobenzenesulfonamide
    —— N-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propanamide 1613391-33-5 C16H16ClNO3
    N-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propanamide
    —— (5R)-5-hexyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 136719-36-3 C15H21NO3
    (5R)-5-hexyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— (2R,4R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-decanolide 134282-60-3 C16H22O3
    (2R,4R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-decanolide
    —— 2-Nitro-4-piperidin-1-ylsulfonylphenol 1097090-32-8 C11H14N2O5S
    2-Nitro-4-piperidin-1-ylsulfonylphenol
    —— 2-<(α-Methyl-benzyl)-aminomethyl>-hydrochinon 94026-89-8 C15H17NO2
    2-<(α-Methyl-benzyl)-aminomethyl>-hydrochinon
    —— 4,5-dihydro-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4(R)-phenyloxazole 174770-67-3 C15H13NO2
    4,5-dihydro-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4(R)-phenyloxazole
    —— 2-sec-Butylaminomethyl-hydrochinon 91340-13-5 C11H17NO2
    2-sec-Butylaminomethyl-hydrochinon
    —— 2-Isopropylaminomethyl-hydrochinon 91252-14-1 C10H15NO2
    2-Isopropylaminomethyl-hydrochinon
    —— 2-fluoro-5-hydroxy-4-methylphenol 205448-40-4 C7H7FO2
    2-fluoro-5-hydroxy-4-methylphenol