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硝酸脲 | 124-47-0

中文名称
硝酸脲
中文别名
脲硝酸盐;尿素单硝酸盐
英文名称
uronium nitrate
英文别名
urea nitrate;nitric acid;urea
硝酸脲化学式
CAS
124-47-0;17687-37-5
化学式
CH5N2O*NO3
mdl
——
分子量
123.068
InChiKey
AYTGUZPQPXGYFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    152° with decompn
  • 沸点:
    229.12°C (rough estimate)
  • 密度:
    1.6900
  • 颜色/状态:
    Monoclinic leaflets from water
  • 气味:
    Odorless
  • 溶解度:
    In alcohol, 1.35 g/100 g at 0 °C, 8.84 g/100 g at 65.3 °C
  • 蒸汽压力:
    7.59X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
  • 分解:
    Decomposes at 152 °C

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -1.32
  • 重原子数:
    8
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    135
  • 氢给体数:
    3
  • 氢受体数:
    4

ADMET

毒理性
  • 副作用
高铁血红蛋白血症 - 血液中高铁血红蛋白含量增加;该化合物被归类为继发性毒性效应。
Methemoglobinemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as secondary toxic effect
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
立即急救:确保已经进行了充分的中毒物清洗。如果患者停止呼吸,开始人工呼吸,最好使用需求阀复苏器、袋阀面罩装置或口袋面罩,按训练操作。根据需要执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果患者呕吐,让患者向前倾或置于左侧卧位(如果可能的话,头部向下)以保持呼吸道畅通,防止误吸。保持患者安静,维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。/硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及相关化合物/
Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
基本治疗:建立专利气道(如需要,使用口咽或鼻咽气道)。如有必要,进行吸痰。密切观察呼吸不足的迹象,如有必要,协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测休克并视需要进行治疗……预见癫痫发作并视情况进行治疗……对于眼睛污染,立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中,用0.9%的生理盐水(NS)连续冲洗每只眼睛……不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入,如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水,则用水冲洗口腔,并给予5毫升/千克,最多200毫升的水进行稀释。给予活性炭……./硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及相关化合物/
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
高级治疗:对于失去意识或严重呼吸困难的病人,考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常。开始静脉输注D5W/SRP:“保持开放”,最小流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象,使用0.9%的生理盐水(NS)或乳酸林格氏液(LR)。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压,谨慎给予液体。如果对这些措施无反应,血管加压药可能有所帮助。注意观察液体过载的迹象...。用地西泮或劳拉西泮治疗癫痫...。如果病人在严重缺氧、发绀和心脏受损且对氧气治疗无反应时,给予1%亚甲蓝溶液。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗...。/硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及相关化合物/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 人类毒性摘录
/迹象和症状/ /它是/对皮肤、粘膜有轻度刺激性。
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /IT IS/ MILDLY IRRITATING TO SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险等级:
    4.1
  • 安全说明:
    S17,S26,S36/37/39,S45
  • 危险类别码:
    R8
  • RTECS号:
    YT9675000
  • 海关编码:
    2924199090
  • 包装等级:
    I
  • 危险类别:
    4.1
  • 危险品运输编号:
    1479

SDS

SDS:b22c334ccaa2c9e93b918f83e1a5b142
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制备方法与用途

概述

硝酸脲是尿素与硝酸反应的产物,为白色或无色结晶固体。微溶于水和乙醇,不溶于硝酸、乙醚、苯、氯仿。遇高热或猛撞有引起燃烧爆炸的危险,与有机物、还原剂、硫、磷等混合可形成爆炸性混合物;主要用于制造炸药及有机合成中间体。

理化性质
  • 密度:1.70g/cm³
  • 熔点:152℃(分解)
  • 吸湿性:很小,溶于热水和乙醇,其水溶液呈强酸性。不溶于硝酸、乙醚、苯、氯仿。
  • 安定性:好,氧平衡 - 0.065g/g,爆容 910L/kg,爆热2891kJ/kg,爆速4190m/s(d=1.0g/cm³)和3100m/s(d=0.8g/cm³),威力为91%(梯恩梯当量),猛度(8.4~ 10.0)mm(铅柱压缩值)。遇高热或猛撞有引起燃烧爆炸的危险,与有机物、还原剂、硫、磷等混合可形成爆炸性混合物。化学稳定性较好,是强还原剂和易燃物质,分解后生成氮氧化物。

图1 硝酸脲结构式

制备方法
  • 将5.5mol/L的硝酸按1:1的物质的量比与尿素(即尿素 100g、硝酸 135g、水215g),在20℃反应温度下,反应20min后过滤。
  • 在70℃反应温度下进行相同的操作,反应步骤和条件不变。
  • 尿素100g、水150mL搅拌溶解15分钟后加入189g硝酸,在40℃反应60min后过滤。
应用

主要用于制造炸药及有机合成中间体。此外,还用于生产氨基甲酸酯类产品和油田三次采油解堵酸化剂。

贮存方法

储存于阴凉、干燥、通风的爆炸品专用库房中。库温不超过32℃,相对湿度不超过80%;若含有水作稳定剂,则库温不低于1℃,相对湿度小于80%。远离火种和热源,采用密封包装,并与氧化剂、易(可)燃物分开存放。

化学性质

用于生产氨基甲酸酯类产品及油田三次采油解堵酸化剂。

用途
  • 生产氨基甲酸酯类
  • 油田三次采油解堵酸化剂
类别

氧化剂

毒性分级

中毒

急性毒性

小鼠 LD50: 1028毫克/公斤(口服)

爆炸物危险特性

与还原剂、硫、磷等混合可爆;受热或撞击可爆。

可燃性危险特性

高热可燃,燃烧产生有毒氮氧化物烟雾。

储运特性

库房通风低温,轻装轻卸。与有机物、还原剂、硫、磷易燃物分开存放。

灭火剂

雾状水、砂土、二氧化碳

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    硝酸脲 在 KN3O4 作用下, 以 乙醇 为溶剂, 以72%的产率得到urea salt of dinitramide
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Dinitramide and its salts
    摘要:
    The methods for preparation and the properties of dinitramide salts with ammonia, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, formamidine, their alkylated and aminated derivatives, etc. are described.
    DOI:
    10.1007/bf00696969
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    氰胺硝酸 作用下, 生成 硝酸脲
    参考文献:
    名称:
    DE285259
    摘要:
    公开号:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    苯甲腈硫酸硝酸脲 、 甲基安非他命 作用下, 反应 24.0h, 生成 间硝基苯腈2-硝基苯甲腈3-硝基苯甲酰胺
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Urea nitrate and nitrourea: powerful and regioselective aromatic nitration agents
    摘要:
    Urea nitrate (UN) and nitrourea (NU), easily prepared from urea and nitric acid, convert deactivated aromatic compounds to the corresponding nitrated derivatives with a high yield and a high regioselectivity under very mild conditions. The performance of the two reagents is quite similar indicating that NU is an intermediate in the UN nitration process. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
    DOI:
    10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.10.027
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文献信息

  • Aromatase inhibiting 4(5)-imidazoles
    申请人:Orion-yhtyma Oy
    公开号:US05439928A1
    公开(公告)日:1995-08-08
    Novel 4(5)-imidazole derivatives of specified formula and their non-toxic salts possess selective aromatase inhibiting properties, which are valuable in the treatment of estrogen dependent diseases e.g. breast cancer.
    指定公式的新颖4(5)-咪唑衍生物及其无毒盐具有选择性芳香化酶抑制特性,对治疗依赖雌激素的疾病如乳腺癌具有重要价值。
  • Synthesis of some benzothiazoles by developing a new protocol using urea nitrate as a catalyst and their antimicrobial activities
    作者:Parvin Kumar、Rimpy Bhatia、Radhika Khanna、Aarti Dalal、Dinesh Kumar、Parveen Surain、Ramesh C. Kamboj
    DOI:10.1080/17415993.2017.1334781
    日期:——
    ABSTRACT The present communication demonstrates the development of urea nitrate as an effective and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of some 2-substituted benzothiazoles. Instant progress of reaction at room temperature under solvent-free condition, very high catalytic activity, inexpensive, clean reaction profile, operational simplicity, large-scale synthesis and appreciable yields are the main
    摘要 本通讯展示了硝酸尿素作为合成一些 2-取代苯并噻唑的有效催化剂的发展。该协议的主要优点是室温下无溶剂条件下反应的即时进展、非常高的催化活性、廉价、清洁的反应曲线、操作简单、大规模合成和可观的产率。已经评估了这些合成的苯并噻唑对革兰氏阳性菌(枯草芽孢杆菌 MTCC 121)的抗菌和抗真菌活性;两种革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌 MTCC 1652 和铜绿假单胞菌 MTCC 741)和两种真菌(白色念珠菌 MTCC 3017 和酿酒酵母 MTCC 170)。发现化合物 3n 对所有测试微生物的活性最强。图形概要
  • Urea nitrate catalyzed synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles using the grindstone technique
    作者:Divyani Gandhi、Shikha Agarwal
    DOI:10.1515/hc-2018-0133
    日期:2018.12.19
    Abstract

    An efficient, green and environmentally friendly grindstone method for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives in the presence of urea nitrate as the catalyst under solvent-free conditions was developed. All products were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral methods.

    摘要

    在无溶剂条件下,利用尿素硝酸盐作为催化剂,开发了一种高效、环保且环境友好的研磨法合成2-芳基苯并噻唑衍生物的方法。所有产物均通过元素分析和光谱方法进行表征。

  • Diphenylurea compounds
    申请人:——
    公开号:US20020025965A1
    公开(公告)日:2002-02-28
    1 wherein: R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 independently represent hydrogen, halogen, or alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, cyano, optionally substituted amino, nitro, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted aminocarbonyl or carbamoyl, L 1 and L 2 each represents hydrogen or together form —CH 2 —CH 2 —, X 1 , attached at the 2 or 3 position of the aromatic ring, represents a bond, and in that case X 2 represents hydrogen, halogen, or alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, nitro, cyano or optionally substituted amino, or X 1 and X 2 , together with two adjacent carbon to which they are bonded in the 2, 3 or 4 position of the aromatic ring, form a (C 4 -C 7 )cycloalkyl group, wherein one or two —CH 2 — of the cycloalkyl ring are optionally replaced by oxygen or NH, X 3 represents hydrogen, halogen, or alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, nitro, cyano or optionally substituted amino, G represents a group selected from: 2 wherein: the broken lines indicate the optional presence of a double bond, Alk represents linear or branched (C 1 -C 6 )alkylene, n is 0 or 1, T 3 represents alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl or optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, T 4 represents alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl or optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, and medicinal products containing the same are useful as dual &agr; 2 /5-HT 2c antagonist receptors.
    其中:R1、R2、R3 和 R4 分别代表氢、卤素或烷基、烷氧基、羟基、氰基、可选择地取代的氨基、硝基、羧基、烷氧羰基、可选择地取代的氨基羰基或氨基甲酰基,L1 和 L2 分别代表氢或共同形成 -CH2-CH2-,X1,连接在芳香环的2或3位,代表键,此时X2代表氢、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、羟基、硝基、氰基或可选择地取代的氨基,或X1 和 X2,与它们连接在芳香环的2、3或4位的两个相邻碳原子一起,形成一个(C4-C7)环烷基团,其中环烷基环的一个或两个-CH2-可选择地被氧或NH取代,X3 代表氢、卤素、烷基、烷氧基、羟基、硝基、氰基或可选择地取代的氨基,G 代表从中选择的一个基团:其中:虚线表示双键的可选存在,Alk 代表直链或支链(C1-C6)烷基,n 为0或1,T3 代表烷基、可选择地取代的芳基、可选择地取代的芳基烷基、可选择地取代的杂环芳基或可选择地取代的杂环芳基烷基,T4 代表烷基、可选择地取代的芳基、可选择地取代的芳基烷基、可选择地取代的杂环芳基或可选择地取代的杂环芳基烷基,以及含有这些化合物的药物制品作为双α2/5-HT2C拮抗受体是有用的。
  • 4(5) substituted imidazoles and their preparation and use
    申请人:Orion-yhtyma Oy
    公开号:US05498623A1
    公开(公告)日:1996-03-12
    The invention provides compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is --CH.sub.2 -- or --CO--; R.sub.1 is F, Cl or OH; R.sub.2 is H, F or Cl; and R.sub.3 is H, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, excluding 4-(5-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)-1H-imidazole and 4-(4-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)-1H-imidazole; and their non-toxic acid addition salts and mixtures thereof. Processes for the preparation of these compounds are described, as are pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one of the compounds or its salt. The compounds and their non-toxic salts exhibit valuable pharmacological activity and are highly selective and long acting antagonists at .alpha..sub.2 -adrenoceptors. Their peroral bioavailability is good. The compounds are especially useful in the treatment of cognitive disorders.
    该发明提供了以下结构的化合物:其中Y为--CH.sub.2--或--CO--; R.sub.1为F、Cl或OH; R.sub.2为H、F或Cl; R.sub.3为H、CH.sub.3或CH.sub.2CH.sub.3,但不包括4-(5-氯-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-基)-1H-咪唑和4-(4-氯-2,3-二氢-1H-茚-2-基)-1H-咪唑;以及它们的无毒酸盐和混合物。描述了制备这些化合物的方法,以及包含至少一种化合物或其盐的药物组合物。这些化合物及其无毒盐表现出有价值的药理活性,是高度选择性和长效的α2-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂。它们的口服生物利用度很好。这些化合物在认知障碍的治疗中特别有用。
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