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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,4-Selenazolidinedione, 5-salicylidene- 82085-57-2 C10H7NO3Se
    2,4-Selenazolidinedione, 5-salicylidene-
    —— 4-((3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((phenylthio)methyl)phenyl)methylene)-1-phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione 107788-21-6 C23H18N2O4S
    4-((3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((phenylthio)methyl)phenyl)methylene)-1-phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione
    —— 6,6'-(2-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(azanediyl)bis(methylene)bis(2-methoxyphenol) 1345342-25-7 C25H31N3O4
    6,6'-(2-methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(azanediyl)bis(methylene)bis(2-methoxyphenol)
    —— 1-(2-ethoxy-2-methoxyethyl)-4-hydroxybenzene 1097200-04-8 C11H16O3
    1-(2-ethoxy-2-methoxyethyl)-4-hydroxybenzene
    —— 3.3'-Dihydroxy-4.4'-dimethoxybenzalazin 15332-12-4 C16H16N2O4
    3.3'-Dihydroxy-4.4'-dimethoxybenzalazin
    —— methyl (3,4-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 936328-57-3 C9H8F2O3
    methyl (3,4-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— methyl 2-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 936327-76-3 C9H9FO3
    methyl 2-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 2-(2-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol 117658-53-4 C12H16O2
    2-(2-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2,6-di(trideuteromethyl)-4-cyanophenol 1316315-42-0 C9H9NO
    2,6-di(trideuteromethyl)-4-cyanophenol
    —— 4-bromo-2,6-[(2)H6]dimethylphenol 1316315-41-9 C8H9BrO
    4-bromo-2,6-[(2)H6]dimethylphenol
    —— 4-(2-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol 117658-54-5 C12H16O2
    4-(2-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-Methyl-2-butenyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadienoate 144055-32-3 C17H20O4
    3-Methyl-2-butenyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadienoate
    —— 4-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-nitrophenol 21078-24-0 C11H16N2O3
    4-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(tetrahydro-2H-puran-2-yl)phenol 40324-54-7 C11H14O2
    2-(tetrahydro-2H-puran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl (2R,3S,4S)-3-formyl-3,4-dihydro-4-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate 1307792-71-7 C19H22O7
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl (2R,3S,4S)-3-formyl-3,4-dihydro-4-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate
    —— 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexen-1-yl]acetamide 937716-76-2 C14H14F3NO2
    2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexen-1-yl]acetamide
    —— 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexen-1-yl]acetamide 937716-77-3 C14H14F3NO2
    2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexen-1-yl]acetamide
    —— 4-(1-Butylpentyl)-phenol 6465-76-5 C15H24O
    4-(1-Butylpentyl)-phenol
    —— 4-ethyl-5,6-dimethyl-resorcinol 854854-53-8 C10H14O2
    4-ethyl-5,6-dimethyl-resorcinol
    —— (E)-2',6'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystyryl-4-methoxy-3-aminobenzylsulfone 1330633-72-1 C18H21NO6S
    (E)-2',6'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystyryl-4-methoxy-3-aminobenzylsulfone
    —— 3-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-thiochroman-4-one 130689-00-8 C17H14O3S
    3-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-thiochroman-4-one
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)imidazole-2-thione 95333-58-7 C10H9N3O3S
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)imidazole-2-thione
    —— Acetamide, 2-((5-(2-(2-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)ethyl)-4,5-dihydro-4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)-N-phenyl- 127444-17-1 C29H25ClN6O4S2
    Acetamide, 2-((5-(2-(2-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)ethyl)-4,5-dihydro-4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)-N-phenyl-
    —— 4-n-(α-Methyl)heptyl-2,6-dinitrophenol 4095-54-9 C14H20N2O5
    4-n-(α-Methyl)heptyl-2,6-dinitrophenol
    —— 4-Bromo-2-methoxy-6-(2-nitrovinyl)phenol 1373769-22-2 C9H8BrNO4
    4-Bromo-2-methoxy-6-(2-nitrovinyl)phenol
    —— p-2-furyl-phenol 35461-94-0 C10H8O2
    p-2-furyl-phenol
    —— 4-Cyclopentyl-3-methyl-phenol 15173-95-2 C12H16O
    4-Cyclopentyl-3-methyl-phenol
    —— N-propyldopamine 24259-57-2 C11H17NO2
    N-propyldopamine
    —— 2-(3-Phenylpropyl)pyridine 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate 2110-17-0 C20H18N4O7
    2-(3-Phenylpropyl)pyridine 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate
    —— N-ethyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine 21581-33-9 C10H15NO2
    N-ethyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine
    —— 3 hydroquinone * sulfur dioxide 1786-27-2 3C6H6O2*O2S
    3 hydroquinone * sulfur dioxide
    —— Secophenol 2394-69-6 C19H24O3
    Secophenol
    —— 2-Methyl-5-(8-pentadecenyl)-1,3-benzenediol 50423-13-7 C22H36O2
    2-Methyl-5-(8-pentadecenyl)-1,3-benzenediol
    —— Benzene-1,2-diol;benzene-1,3-diol;formaldehyde 51964-49-9 C13H14O5
    Benzene-1,2-diol;benzene-1,3-diol;formaldehyde
    —— Ethenol;formaldehyde;phenol 51137-36-1 C9H12O3
    Ethenol;formaldehyde;phenol
    —— Benzene-1,3-diol--benzene-1,3-diamine (1/1) 51774-88-0 C12H14N2O2
    Benzene-1,3-diol--benzene-1,3-diamine (1/1)
    —— 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one 29097-92-5 C12H12O2
    3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one
    —— N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;2-nonylphenol 53339-38-1 C20H39N3O2
    N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;2-nonylphenol
    —— 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-nitrophenol 94037-84-0 C14H21NO3
    3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— (p-hydroxyphenyl)trimethylgermanium 105183-09-3 C9H14GeO
    (p-hydroxyphenyl)trimethylgermanium
    —— Benzene-1,3-diol;[[4,6-bis[bis(methoxymethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-(methoxymethyl)amino]methanol 58091-91-1 C20H34N6O8
    Benzene-1,3-diol;[[4,6-bis[bis(methoxymethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-(methoxymethyl)amino]methanol
    —— 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-nitrophenol 3114-67-8 C14H21NO3
    3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-nitrophenol
    —— 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2,6-dinitrophenol 92375-27-4 C14H20N2O5
    3,5-di-tert-butyl-2,6-dinitrophenol
    —— 4,5-di(3',5'-di-tert-butylphenylethynyl)-2-methoxyphenol 269086-10-4 C39H48O2
    4,5-di(3',5'-di-tert-butylphenylethynyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— Phenol, diisononyl- 60238-09-7 C24H42O
    Phenol, diisononyl-
    —— Naptalam-monosodium mixt.with dinoseb-sodium 59915-53-6 C28H23N3Na2O8
    Naptalam-monosodium mixt.with dinoseb-sodium
    —— 2-methoxy-6-[4-[(4-methoxyanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenol 1179820-97-3 C30H29N3O4
    2-methoxy-6-[4-[(4-methoxyanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]phenol
    —— 4-(4-Methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-phenol 32960-73-9 C13H16O
    4-(4-Methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-phenol
    —— 2-[4-[(4-chloroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol 1179820-90-6 C29H26ClN3O3
    2-[4-[(4-chloroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethyl-benzylalkohol 90925-40-9 C10H14O2
    3-Hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethyl-benzylalkohol