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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Lopac-M-5391 —— C34H56N2O12
    Lopac-M-5391
    —— (4-Hydroxyphenyl)methanediol 115137-60-5 C7H8O3
    (4-Hydroxyphenyl)methanediol
    —— 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)thiazolidine 131717-42-5 C9H10BrNOS
    2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)thiazolidine
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-β-nitrobutenyl-benzol 1212-12-0 C11H13NO4
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-β-nitrobutenyl-benzol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide 1415691-89-2 C13H12N2O3S
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— Ethyl 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxylate 91182-07-9 C11H14N2O4
    Ethyl 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carboxylate
    —— 4-tert-butyl-2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-5-nitrophenol 1246213-35-3 C14H21NO4
    4-tert-butyl-2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)-5-nitrophenol
    —— methyl 2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropanoate 1246213-34-2 C15H21NO5
    methyl 2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropanoate
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylthiazolidine-3-thiocarboxamide 103076-31-9 C11H14N2OS2
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylthiazolidine-3-thiocarboxamide
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenethylcyclobutanone 953792-77-3 C19H20O3
    3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenethylcyclobutanone
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-isopropylcyclobutanone 953792-79-5 C13H16O2
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-isopropylcyclobutanone
    —— (E)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde [2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]hydrazone 1234475-42-3 C16H13Cl2F3N2O3
    (E)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde [2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]hydrazone
    —— Phenylephrine(1+) —— C9H14NO2+
    Phenylephrine(1+)
    —— 5-[C-methyl-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)carbonimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol 89408-18-4 C11H11N3O2S
    5-[C-methyl-N-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)carbonimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 8-chloro-2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoxathiin 88062-58-2 C9H9ClO2S
    8-chloro-2,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoxathiin
    —— 4-Thiazolidinone, 5-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-3-(((4-nitrophenyl)amino)methyl)-2-thioxo- 89752-56-7 C18H15N3O5S2
    4-Thiazolidinone, 5-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-3-(((4-nitrophenyl)amino)methyl)-2-thioxo-
    —— 3-thiazolidin-2-yl-phenol 67086-86-6 C9H11NOS
    3-thiazolidin-2-yl-phenol
    —— 1-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-<1-(triisopropylsilyl)pyrrol-3-yl>butane 158555-56-7 C25H41NOSi
    1-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-<1-(triisopropylsilyl)pyrrol-3-yl>butane
    —— 5-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one 101600-73-1 C17H13NO2S2
    5-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[[1-(2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propylamino)-methyl]-4-methyl-phenol 1025367-00-3 C20H29N7O
    2-[[1-(2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]-(3-imidazol-1-yl-propylamino)-methyl]-4-methyl-phenol
    —— (5R)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-α-D-xylofuranose 124738-88-1 C15H20O6
    (5R)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-α-D-xylofuranose
    —— (5S)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-α-D-xylofuranose 124738-87-0 C15H20O6
    (5S)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-α-D-xylofuranose
    —— 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde guanylhydrazone 15996-57-3 C8H9ClN4O
    5-chlorosalicylaldehyde guanylhydrazone
    —— (E)-1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-3-thiophen-2-yl-propenone 51956-77-5 C14H12O2S
    (E)-1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-3-thiophen-2-yl-propenone
    —— 2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-hydroxymethylbenzaldehyde 84018-87-1 C8H8O5
    2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-hydroxymethylbenzaldehyde
    —— 3-(2-furyl)-1-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-2-propen-1-one 40664-94-6 C14H12O3
    3-(2-furyl)-1-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-2-propen-1-one
    —— 4-(3-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2,6-dimethylphenol 1321513-22-7 C17H16N4O
    4-(3-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-(3-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2-chlorophenol 1321513-23-8 C15H11ClN4O
    4-(3-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)-2-chlorophenol
    —— ethyl (2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropanoate 1016638-56-4 C11H11F3O5
    ethyl (2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropanoate
    —— 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde 20286-84-4 C13H19NO3
    2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2,6-bis<N-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylaminomethyl>-4-nitrophenol 121836-26-8 C14H23N3O5
    2,6-bis<N-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylaminomethyl>-4-nitrophenol
    —— ethyl 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate 246219-29-4 C12H15BrO3
    ethyl 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)butanoate
    —— (Z)-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2,3-dimethyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one 1338081-21-2 C13H14N2O3
    (Z)-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-2,3-dimethyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one
    —— 5-Methylvanillylalkohol 37987-18-1 C9H12O3
    5-Methylvanillylalkohol
    —— 4-phenyldimethylsilylphenole 74027-99-9 C14H16OSi
    4-phenyldimethylsilylphenole
    —— 4-chloro-3-trimethylsilanylphenol 1004322-73-9 C9H13ClOSi
    4-chloro-3-trimethylsilanylphenol
    —— 2-bromo-5-methoxy-3-[(Z)-pentadec-10-enyl]phenol 148808-18-8 C22H35BrO2
    2-bromo-5-methoxy-3-[(Z)-pentadec-10-enyl]phenol
    —— 4-<3-(1-pyrazolyl)propyl>phenol hydrochloride 88670-70-6 C12H14N2O*ClH
    4-<3-(1-pyrazolyl)propyl>phenol hydrochloride
    —— 1-(4-propylcyclohexyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane 133151-86-7 C17H26O
    1-(4-propylcyclohexyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane
    —— 2-Hydroxy-acetophenon-(dimethyl-hydrazon) 5757-89-1 C10H14N2O
    2-Hydroxy-acetophenon-(dimethyl-hydrazon)
    —— tris(3-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)amine 1226976-99-3 C36H51NO6
    tris(3-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)amine
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-methylcyclohex-2-ene 142688-23-1 C14H18O
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1-methylcyclohex-2-ene
    —— 4-nitro-2,6-bis(pyrrolidin-1'-ylmethyl)phenol 121836-29-1 C16H23N3O3
    4-nitro-2,6-bis(pyrrolidin-1'-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxan-5-yl)-5-methyl-phenol 896745-82-7 C13H18O3
    2-(2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxan-5-yl)-5-methyl-phenol
    —— Ethyl 3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethoxypropanoate 544478-45-7 C13H16Br2O4
    Ethyl 3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethoxypropanoate
    —— 1-(5''-hydroxy-2''-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)butane 144849-34-3 C19H24O4
    1-(5''-hydroxy-2''-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)butane
    —— 5-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-4-merthoxy-2-methylphenol 137290-86-9 C10H15NO3
    5-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-4-merthoxy-2-methylphenol
    —— Ethyl 3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethoxypropanoate 544478-44-6 C13H17BrO4
    Ethyl 3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethoxypropanoate
    —— 4-(2-{(1R,2R,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-[(E)-(S)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-but-1-enyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl}-ethylsulfanyl)-butyric acid methyl ester 256382-09-9 C23H32O6S
    4-(2-{(1R,2R,3R)-3-Hydroxy-2-[(E)-(S)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-but-1-enyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl}-ethylsulfanyl)-butyric acid methyl ester
    —— 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methylbenzaldehyde 777090-48-9 C9H9ClO3
    3-chloro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methylbenzaldehyde