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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-(2-Chlor-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-tert.butylamino-ethanol 62818-96-6 C13H20ClNO3
    1-(2-Chlor-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-tert.butylamino-ethanol
    —— Morpholine, 4-((4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfinylmethyl)- 64709-44-0 C13H19NO5S
    Morpholine, 4-((4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfinylmethyl)-
    —— (E)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)pent-2-enyl methyl carbonate 593251-69-5 C15H20O5
    (E)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)pent-2-enyl methyl carbonate
    —— (E)-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)pent-2-enyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate 1360054-12-1 C14H16Cl3NO3
    (E)-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)pent-2-enyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate
    —— (E)-2-(5-hydroxypent-3-enyl)-4-methoxyphenol 1360054-36-9 C12H16O3
    (E)-2-(5-hydroxypent-3-enyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— C-undecylcavitandmonol 301168-13-8 C76H112O9
    C-undecylcavitandmonol
    —— Einecs 264-954-1 64601-08-7 C9H14ClNO2
    Einecs 264-954-1
    —— (E)-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)pent-2-enyl methyl carbonate 593251-67-3 C14H18O4
    (E)-5-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)pent-2-enyl methyl carbonate
    —— 5-Hydroxy-2-isopropyl-4-nitro-toluol 1664-14-8 C10H13NO3
    5-Hydroxy-2-isopropyl-4-nitro-toluol
    —— carbonic acid (E)-5-(2-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-methylpent-2-enyl methyl ester 593251-64-0 C18H26O6
    carbonic acid (E)-5-(2-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-methylpent-2-enyl methyl ester
    —— 4-Nitrophenyl N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzyl)-N-methylcarbamate 309965-26-2 C15H13N3O7
    4-Nitrophenyl N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzyl)-N-methylcarbamate
    —— 2-Hydroxyethylazanium;phenoxide 64601-04-3 C8H13NO2
    2-Hydroxyethylazanium;phenoxide
    —— Phenol, dibromochloro- 65216-84-4 C6H3Br2ClO
    Phenol, dibromochloro-
    —— Formaldehyde;2-methylprop-1-ene;phenol 67970-06-3 C11H16O2
    Formaldehyde;2-methylprop-1-ene;phenol
    —— Formaldehyde;phenol;2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-trioxane 67970-10-9 C13H20O5
    Formaldehyde;phenol;2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-trioxane
    —— 2-(Chloromethyl)oxirane;oxaldehyde;phenol —— C11H13ClO4
    2-(Chloromethyl)oxirane;oxaldehyde;phenol
    —— 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2,3-epoxypropane 93885-42-8 C10H12O2
    1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2,3-epoxypropane
    —— 3-(2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-benzene-1,2,4-triol 833490-06-5 C11H16O3
    3-(2,2-dimethyl-propyl)-benzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— Formaldehyde;phenol;2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene 67786-10-1 C15H24O2
    Formaldehyde;phenol;2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene
    —— 1,1-Bis(ethenoxy)butane;formaldehyde;phenol 68140-67-0 C15H22O4
    1,1-Bis(ethenoxy)butane;formaldehyde;phenol
    —— Formaldehyde;4-methyl-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium;phenol 67846-31-5 C13H15NO3
    Formaldehyde;4-methyl-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium;phenol
    —— Azane;formaldehyde;2-methyloxirane;oxirane;phenol 68391-34-4 C12H21NO4
    Azane;formaldehyde;2-methyloxirane;oxirane;phenol
    —— (E)-but-2-enedioic acid;formaldehyde;phenol 68134-45-2 C11H12O6
    (E)-but-2-enedioic acid;formaldehyde;phenol
    —— 4-[(1-Benzyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylamino)-methyl]-2-methoxy-phenol 144836-31-7 C22H21N3O2
    4-[(1-Benzyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylamino)-methyl]-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;phenol 67762-62-3 C11H21N3O2
    N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;phenol
    —— Azane;2-methylphenol;2-methylprop-1-ene 67970-07-4 C11H19NO
    Azane;2-methylphenol;2-methylprop-1-ene
    —— N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;2-nonylphenol —— C19H37N3O
    N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;2-nonylphenol
    —— Phenol--2-methylprop-1-ene (1/1) 67970-11-0 C10H14O
    Phenol--2-methylprop-1-ene (1/1)
    —— 4-Ethenylcyclohexene;formaldehyde;phenol 68299-07-0 C15H20O2
    4-Ethenylcyclohexene;formaldehyde;phenol
    —— 5,17-diallylcalix[4]arene 125065-75-0 C34H32O4
    5,17-diallylcalix[4]arene
    —— Benzene-1,3-diol;ethenyl(triethoxy)silane 68239-98-5 C14H24O5Si
    Benzene-1,3-diol;ethenyl(triethoxy)silane
    —— 4-[(Butylamino)methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 112520-77-1 C13H21NO3
    4-[(Butylamino)methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— Formaldehyde;phenol;phosphoric acid —— C7H11O6P
    Formaldehyde;phenol;phosphoric acid
    —— Aluminum;3-methylphenol;propan-2-olate —— C16H29AlO4
    Aluminum;3-methylphenol;propan-2-olate
    —— [(2R)-2-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamothioylamino]propyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 1528740-84-2 C28H40N2O4S
    [(2R)-2-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamothioylamino]propyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— 2,6-bis(dipropylaminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol 121836-25-7 C20H35N3O3
    2,6-bis(dipropylaminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— [(2S)-2-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamothioylamino]propyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 1351981-79-7 C28H40N2O4S
    [(2S)-2-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylcarbamothioylamino]propyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— 2-allyl-3-benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenol 501368-17-8 C17H18O3
    2-allyl-3-benzyloxy-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-Fluoro-4-methylbenzene-1,2-diol 127685-77-2 C7H7FO2
    3-Fluoro-4-methylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-1,2-dimethoxy-4-oxal-benzol 90844-23-8 C10H10O6
    3-Hydroxy-1,2-dimethoxy-4-oxal-benzol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide 1224583-61-2 C20H17N3OS2
    3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide
    —— 3-chloro-4-[6-(3,5-diethyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-4-yl)-hexyloxy]-phenol 78097-16-2 C19H27ClN2O2
    3-chloro-4-[6-(3,5-diethyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-4-yl)-hexyloxy]-phenol
    —— hydroquinone; clathrate with methanol 1786-31-8 3CH4O*C6H6O2
    hydroquinone; clathrate with methanol
    —— methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,5-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate 878695-57-9 C14H15N5O4
    methyl 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,5-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 1,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-6-oxoverdazyl 1446527-21-4 C20H15N4O3
    1,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-6-oxoverdazyl
    —— (2Z)-9-azabicyclo[6.1.0]non-2-ene;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 16484-15-4 C14H16N4O7
    (2Z)-9-azabicyclo[6.1.0]non-2-ene;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-Dimethylamino-symm.-m-xylenol 104338-47-8 C10H15NO
    2-Dimethylamino-symm.-m-xylenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy mandelic acid 91383-77-6 C9H10O5
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxy mandelic acid
    —— 4-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-1-methyl-2,3-pyrrolidinedione 14646-15-2 C13H13NO4
    4-[(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-1-methyl-2,3-pyrrolidinedione
    —— (2S,8R,14R,20S)-5-(methoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3(28),4,6,9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21(25),22-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1469921-76-3 C46H60O9
    (2S,8R,14R,20S)-5-(methoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3(28),4,6,9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21(25),22-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol