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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-isopentyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol 4097-51-2 C11H14N2O5
    4-isopentyl-2,6-dinitro-phenol
    —— Sodium 2-amino-4-nitro-6-sulfophenolate 74525-32-9 C6H5N2O6S*Na
    Sodium 2-amino-4-nitro-6-sulfophenolate
    —— N-Chloracetyl-1-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-aethylamin 53389-75-6 C10H12ClNO2
    N-Chloracetyl-1-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-aethylamin
    —— 2-(6-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetaldehyde 1443526-57-5 C9H9BrO3
    2-(6-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetaldehyde
    —— 6-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)benzaldehyde 1315341-21-9 C13H16BrNO4
    6-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 3-[[6-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-benzenemethanol 892413-86-4 C18H18N4O3
    3-[[6-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-benzenemethanol
    —— 3-phenyl-2-thioxo-5-vanillylidene-thiazolidin-4-one 110676-40-9 C17H13NO3S2
    3-phenyl-2-thioxo-5-vanillylidene-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-[4-[(2,4-dichloroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol 1179820-93-9 C29H25Cl2N3O3
    2-[4-[(2,4-dichloroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[4-[(4-bromoanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol 1179820-94-0 C29H26BrN3O3
    2-[4-[(4-bromoanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[4-[(2-chloroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol 1179820-91-7 C29H26ClN3O3
    2-[4-[(2-chloroanilino)methyl]-3-(N-phenylanilino)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-methoxy-3-<(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)methyl>phenol 120130-12-3 C14H15NO3
    4-methoxy-3-<(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)methyl>phenol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3-methoxypropan-2-ol 124933-24-0 C10H14O4
    1-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3-methoxypropan-2-ol
    —— (E)-2-(3-methylhepta-2,6-dien-1-yl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenol 1417913-02-0 C15H17F3O2
    (E)-2-(3-methylhepta-2,6-dien-1-yl)-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-N,N-dimethylbenzylamine 704884-79-7 C10H12F3NO2
    2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-N,N-dimethylbenzylamine
    —— 3-(2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylpropanol 403857-06-7 C13H20O4
    3-(2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylpropanol
    —— 4-[hydroxy-(5-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-methyl]phenol 548770-97-4 C13H13NO2
    4-[hydroxy-(5-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-methyl]phenol
    —— 5-heptadecatri-8(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-enylresorcinol 83173-23-3 C23H34O2
    5-heptadecatri-8(Z),11(Z),14(Z)-enylresorcinol
    —— (E)-2'-bromo-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone O-4-nitrobenzyl oxime 1072709-08-0 C16H15BrN2O5
    (E)-2'-bromo-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone O-4-nitrobenzyl oxime
    —— E-gomphidic acid 25328-77-2 C18H12O9
    E-gomphidic acid
    —— 5-Heptyl-2-methyl-benzene-1,3-diol 251361-22-5 C14H22O2
    5-Heptyl-2-methyl-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 5-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-2-nitrophenol 914673-73-7 C10H13NO3S
    5-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— diethyl N-(2-hydroxy-4-fluorophenyl)aminomethylenemalonate 201138-84-3 C14H16FNO5
    diethyl N-(2-hydroxy-4-fluorophenyl)aminomethylenemalonate
    —— 5-(methylthio)-2-nitrophenol 771-82-4 C7H7NO3S
    5-(methylthio)-2-nitrophenol
    —— Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)azanium;phenoxide 64601-03-2 C10H17NO3
    Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)azanium;phenoxide
    —— Aniline;formaldehyde;2-methylphenol;phenol 65761-29-7 C20H23NO3
    Aniline;formaldehyde;2-methylphenol;phenol
    —— 2,3-dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 84018-85-9 C9H10O5
    2,3-dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 6-bromomethyl-2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde 75676-82-3 C8H7BrO4
    6-bromomethyl-2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methylbenzyl alcohol 90953-62-1 C8H10O2
    3-hydroxy-4-methylbenzyl alcohol
    —— (3E,5E)-3-((1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one 1370032-22-6 C23H22N2O3
    (3E,5E)-3-((1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one
    —— 1,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene 24978-43-6 C14H12N2O2
    1,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene
    —— (Z)-5-(3',5'-diiodo-4'-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one 1133953-94-2 C11H7I2NO2S2
    (Z)-5-(3',5'-diiodo-4'-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-bromo-2-chloro-6-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol 1426321-05-2 C9H10BrClO2
    4-bromo-2-chloro-6-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol
    —— (Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one 1133953-96-4 C11H9NO2S2
    (Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-bromo-2-chloro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol 1426320-89-9 C8H8BrClO2
    4-bromo-2-chloro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 3-chloro-4-[3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(5-methyl-pyrazin-2-yl)-propyl]-phenol 1134914-12-7 C15H14ClF3N2O2
    3-chloro-4-[3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-(5-methyl-pyrazin-2-yl)-propyl]-phenol
    —— (2,3-dihydroxy-benzylideneamino)acetonitrile 1279019-03-2 C9H8N2O2
    (2,3-dihydroxy-benzylideneamino)acetonitrile
    —— N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;benzene-1,3-diol 68411-34-7 C10H19N3O2
    N'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-chloro-4-(difluoromethoxy)phenol 1261604-72-1 C7H5ClF2O2
    3-chloro-4-(difluoromethoxy)phenol
    —— 3-chloro-4-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)phenol 1439559-63-3 C14H13ClO3
    3-chloro-4-((4-methoxybenzyl)oxy)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol 1092542-48-7 C7H7BrO3
    4-bromo-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-iodo-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol 1258954-26-5 C7H7IO3
    4-iodo-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamoyl)-1,3-cyclopentanedione 37748-02-0 C14H14O5
    2-(3,4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamoyl)-1,3-cyclopentanedione
    —— 2-allyl-4-methyl-6-nitrophenol 1609171-29-0 C10H11NO3
    2-allyl-4-methyl-6-nitrophenol
    —— (+)-Delesserin 82198-79-6 C14H16O7
    (+)-Delesserin
    —— 2-(m-Methoxy-benzylidenamino)-p-kresol 19430-25-2 C15H15NO2
    2-(m-Methoxy-benzylidenamino)-p-kresol
    —— (Z)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)pent-3-en-2-one 196078-51-0 C12H12F3NO2
    (Z)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-(2-hydroxy-5-methylanilino)pent-3-en-2-one
    —— 3-Bromo-2-methoxy-4-methyl-6-(prop-2-enyl)phenol 190653-23-7 C11H13BrO2
    3-Bromo-2-methoxy-4-methyl-6-(prop-2-enyl)phenol
    —— 3-Bromo-2-methoxy-4-methylphenol 190653-21-5 C8H9BrO2
    3-Bromo-2-methoxy-4-methylphenol
    —— cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)amide 883244-96-0 C11H13NO2
    cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)amide
    —— 4-(but-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 57651-13-5 C11H14O2
    4-(but-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenol