摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— o-cresol-diethyl ether complex 53313-49-8 C4H10O*C7H8O
    o-cresol-diethyl ether complex
    —— 5-acetyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylamino)-1-methylpyrrole 94631-56-8 C15H18N2O3
    5-acetyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylamino)-1-methylpyrrole
    —— tetraisopropyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene-diphosphonate 501020-08-2 C22H40O9P2
    tetraisopropyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene-diphosphonate
    —— 3-nitro-benzoic acid vanillylidenehydrazide 117522-83-5 C15H13N3O5
    3-nitro-benzoic acid vanillylidenehydrazide
    —— 6-chloro-noradrenaline 101996-38-7 C8H10ClNO3
    6-chloro-noradrenaline
    —— (R,R)-1,2-cyclohexylenediamino-di-(R,R)-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)-methylphosphonic acid] 1537890-05-3 C20H28N2O8P2
    (R,R)-1,2-cyclohexylenediamino-di-(R,R)-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)-methylphosphonic acid]
    —— [4-(1-Deuterio-2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl] acetate 1245926-99-1 C10H12O3
    [4-(1-Deuterio-2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl] acetate
    —— 2-Chlor-4,6-dinitro-3-hydroxy-benzaldehyd 1854-60-0 C7H3ClN2O6
    2-Chlor-4,6-dinitro-3-hydroxy-benzaldehyd
    —— ethyl [(3-hydroxybenzyl)thio]acetate 672931-07-6 C11H14O3S
    ethyl [(3-hydroxybenzyl)thio]acetate
    —— 2-Benzyloxy-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methoxy-phenol 852810-65-2 C15H16O4
    2-Benzyloxy-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methoxy-phenol
    —— anti-7,10,15,18-tetrahydroxy<4.2>metacyclophane 143309-59-5 C18H20O4
    anti-7,10,15,18-tetrahydroxy<4.2>metacyclophane
    —— 2-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethylimino]-methyl}-4-nitro-phenol 25458-15-5 C11H14N2O4
    2-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethylimino]-methyl}-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-valeriansaeure 18238-48-7 C12H16O4
    5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-valeriansaeure
    —— 5-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenol 1134197-91-3 C8H9NO5S
    5-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 6,15-di-tert-butyl-9,18-dihydroxy[3.3]metacyclophane 70675-15-9 C26H36O2
    6,15-di-tert-butyl-9,18-dihydroxy[3.3]metacyclophane
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethanol(1:1) 32080-61-8 C13H12N4O8
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethanol(1:1)
    —— 3-(3-Chloropropyl)pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-41-4 C14H13ClN4O7
    3-(3-Chloropropyl)pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 5-Bromo-3,4-dimethoxy-2-methyl-phenol 851122-00-4 C9H11BrO3
    5-Bromo-3,4-dimethoxy-2-methyl-phenol
    —— Tris-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-s-trithian 63978-69-8 C21H18O3S3
    Tris-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-s-trithian
    —— sodium [3-hydroxy-5-pentylphenyl]acetate 1254580-24-9 C13H17O3*Na
    sodium [3-hydroxy-5-pentylphenyl]acetate
    —— methyl [3-hydroxy-5-pentylphenyl]acetate 1254580-44-3 C14H20O3
    methyl [3-hydroxy-5-pentylphenyl]acetate
    —— [3-hydroxy-5-pentylphenyl]acetic acid 1254580-45-4 C13H18O3
    [3-hydroxy-5-pentylphenyl]acetic acid
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-(2-chloroethyl)pyridine(1:1) 69603-38-9 C13H11ClN4O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-2-(2-chloroethyl)pyridine(1:1)
    —— 3-(1,1-dimethylethyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)methyl-2-fluoro-phenol 960001-12-1 C23H25FO2Si
    3-(1,1-dimethylethyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)methyl-2-fluoro-phenol
    —— 2-Pyridin-4-ylethanethiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-95-8 C13H12N4O7S
    2-Pyridin-4-ylethanethiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3-(1-Oxidopyridin-1-ium-4-yl)propane-1-thiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-72-1 C14H14N4O8S
    3-(1-Oxidopyridin-1-ium-4-yl)propane-1-thiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-(2-Chloroethyl)-5-ethylpyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-37-8 C15H15ClN4O7
    2-(2-Chloroethyl)-5-ethylpyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3-Pyridin-3-ylpropane-1-thiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-94-7 C14H14N4O7S
    3-Pyridin-3-ylpropane-1-thiol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3,5-Dichloro-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenol —— C7H13N2O4Pol
    3,5-Dichloro-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenol
    —— 2-(2-Chloroethyl)-4,6-dimethylpyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-40-3 C15H15ClN4O7
    2-(2-Chloroethyl)-4,6-dimethylpyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-N-<4-dimethylamino-benzyliden>-anilin 3230-48-6 C15H15N3O3
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitro-N-<4-dimethylamino-benzyliden>-anilin
    —— 4-(3-Chloropropyl)pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-43-6 C14H13ClN4O7
    4-(3-Chloropropyl)pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethylimino]-methyl}-benzene-1,3-diol 25466-47-1 C11H15NO3
    4-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethylimino]-methyl}-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-3-(1-oxidopyridin-3-yl)propane-1-thiol(1:1) 69603-76-5 C14H14N4O8S
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol-3-(1-oxidopyridin-3-yl)propane-1-thiol(1:1)
    —— 4,4-Dichloro-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-phenyl)-butane-1,3-diol 254732-16-6 C12H16Cl2O5
    4,4-Dichloro-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-phenyl)-butane-1,3-diol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(5-isobutyl-thiophen-2-yl)-propan-1-one 1010113-78-6 C19H24O2S
    3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(5-isobutyl-thiophen-2-yl)-propan-1-one
    —— N-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)pyrrolidine 98795-77-8 C13H17NO4
    N-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)pyrrolidine
    —— N-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)morpholine 63868-68-8 C13H17NO5
    N-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)morpholine
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-4-methylpiperazine hydrochloride 98795-79-0 C14H20N2O4*ClH
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-4-methylpiperazine hydrochloride
    —— 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl-1,3-benzenediol 101383-03-3 C9H12O3
    4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl-1,3-benzenediol
    —— 5-Chlormethyl-3-tert.butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-fluorphenyl)oxazolin 58929-09-2 C14H19ClFNO2
    5-Chlormethyl-3-tert.butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-fluorphenyl)oxazolin
    —— (3Z,5E)-6-Dimethylamino-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenylamino)-hexa-3,5-dien-2-one 196078-60-1 C14H14F3N3O4
    (3Z,5E)-6-Dimethylamino-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenylamino)-hexa-3,5-dien-2-one
    —— 3-Pyridin-4-ylpropane-1-thiol; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol 69603-57-2 C14H14N4O7S
    3-Pyridin-4-ylpropane-1-thiol; 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 5-Nitro-2-{[(e)-phenylmethylidene]amino}phenol 5932-03-6 C13H10N2O3
    5-Nitro-2-{[(e)-phenylmethylidene]amino}phenol
    —— 4-ethyl-2-amino-5-methyl-phenol 145672-67-9 C9H13NO
    4-ethyl-2-amino-5-methyl-phenol
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-aethyl-p-tolyl-sulfon 7478-99-1 C16H18O4S
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-aethyl-p-tolyl-sulfon
    —— 4-Methyl-2,6-bis-phenylmercaptomethyl-phenol 41890-43-1 C21H20OS2
    4-Methyl-2,6-bis-phenylmercaptomethyl-phenol
    —— 2-(α-Carbethoxyacetamido)-4-nitrophenol 50739-96-3 C11H12N2O6
    2-(α-Carbethoxyacetamido)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]benztriazol-5-yl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133155-08-5 C28H36N6O4
    6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]benztriazol-5-yl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 6-[4-[3-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]propoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133154-52-6 C29H38ClN3O5
    6-[4-[3-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]propoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone