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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 357620-51-0 C15H14N2O3S
    2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5,6-dimethylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one
    —— 3-[(5-cyano-1H-indol-3-yl)(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile 1595288-69-9 C26H18N4O2
    3-[(5-cyano-1H-indol-3-yl)(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-oxazolidin-2-one 1059200-23-5 C9H9NO3
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenoxybis(3,5-dimethylanil) 514806-09-8 C25H26N2O
    2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenoxybis(3,5-dimethylanil)
    —— 1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-propionyloxy-ethane 22532-57-6 C12H16O3
    1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-2-propionyloxy-ethane
    —— 2-(4-benzyloxy-3-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanol 832754-49-1 C15H15FO2
    2-(4-benzyloxy-3-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanol
    —— 4-(p-hydroxy-α-methylthiobenzylidene)morpholinium iodide 53929-53-6 C12H16NO2S*I
    4-(p-hydroxy-α-methylthiobenzylidene)morpholinium iodide
    —— 1-[(5-Methylfuran-2-yl)methyl]piperidine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7149-68-0 C17H20N4O8
    1-[(5-Methylfuran-2-yl)methyl]piperidine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-{[Bis-(2-cyano-aethyl)-amino]-methyl}-4-butoxy-phenol 93725-31-6 C17H23N3O2
    2-{[Bis-(2-cyano-aethyl)-amino]-methyl}-4-butoxy-phenol
    —— 6-(ethylaminomethylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 5961-36-4 C9H11NO
    6-(ethylaminomethylidene)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2-(2-hydroxybenzyl)cyclopentane-1,3-dione 1093126-02-3 C12H12O3
    2-(2-hydroxybenzyl)cyclopentane-1,3-dione
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one 1093646-38-8 C17H16O5
    3-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-(3-hydroxybenzyl)cyclopentane-1,3-dione 1093646-39-9 C12H12O3
    2-(3-hydroxybenzyl)cyclopentane-1,3-dione
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one 1093646-40-2 C17H16O5
    3-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-pentanon 96358-77-9 C13H18O2
    5-(2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-pentanon
    —— 3-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one 1093646-41-3 C17H16O5
    3-Hydroxy-2-[(2-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopenten-1-yl)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one
    —— 3'-Hydroxy-1,2-benzocyclohepten 4729-27-5 C11H14O
    3'-Hydroxy-1,2-benzocyclohepten
    —— 8-Methyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenolate 14492-87-6 C14H16N4O8
    8-Methyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenolate
    —— 2,2'-Dihydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetrabrombenzaldazin 28120-50-5 C14H8Br4N2O2
    2,2'-Dihydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetrabrombenzaldazin
    —— Tropine picrate 6164-68-7 C14H18N4O8
    Tropine picrate
    —— Pyridazine, monopicrate 6164-81-4 C10H7N5O7
    Pyridazine, monopicrate
    —— 3-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-4-thiaisochromanon-(1) 7154-89-4 C15H12O4S
    3-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-4-thiaisochromanon-(1)
    —— 2-t-butyl-4-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol 188578-45-2 C19H26O2Si
    2-t-butyl-4-[(dimethylphenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— 2,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(2-propenyl)phenol 359844-31-8 C12H16O4
    2,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(2-propenyl)phenol
    —— ethyl 2-(4,6-bis(4-methoxyphenethoxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio)hexanoate 1231733-96-2 C30H38N2O6S
    ethyl 2-(4,6-bis(4-methoxyphenethoxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio)hexanoate
    —— Ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate 403482-29-1 C15H22O4
    Ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 2-Aminoethanol-pentachlorophenol(1:1) 6829-44-3 C8H8Cl5NO2
    2-Aminoethanol-pentachlorophenol(1:1)
    —— 1,2-bis<bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phosphino>ethane 110391-34-9 C26H24O4P2
    1,2-bis<bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phosphino>ethane
    —— 1-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazine 330446-09-8 C12H11N3O
    1-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazine
    —— 3-methoxy-4-(2,2-dichlorotrifluoroethylthio)phenol 137380-36-0 C9H7Cl2F3O2S
    3-methoxy-4-(2,2-dichlorotrifluoroethylthio)phenol
    —— 2-[2-(3,3-dimethyl-3<i>H</i>-indol-2-yl)-vinyl]-4-nitro-phenol 68342-15-4 C18H16N2O3
    2-[2-(3,3-dimethyl-3<i>H</i>-indol-2-yl)-vinyl]-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 2-oxazolidin-2-yl-phenol 66670-97-1 C9H11NO2
    2-oxazolidin-2-yl-phenol
    —— 3-acetyl-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-oxazolidine 4894-09-1 C11H13NO3
    3-acetyl-2-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-oxazolidine
    —— (+/-)-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylphenylphosphine 160797-87-5 C13H13OP
    (+/-)-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylphenylphosphine
    —— 4-Bromo-2-(1-phenylethyliminomethyl)phenol 92425-37-1 C15H14BrNO
    4-Bromo-2-(1-phenylethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(2,2-Difluoro-1-hydroxy-2-nitro-1-trifluoromethyl-ethyl)-5-methoxy-phenol 123716-14-3 C10H8F5NO5
    2-(2,2-Difluoro-1-hydroxy-2-nitro-1-trifluoromethyl-ethyl)-5-methoxy-phenol
    —— (S)-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5,5-dimethyloxazolidinone 918164-76-8 C12H15NO3
    (S)-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5,5-dimethyloxazolidinone
    —— (5R)-3-[(1S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-[[[(1S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]methyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 1351994-38-1 C20H24N2O4
    (5R)-3-[(1S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-[[[(1S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]methyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(butyl)carbinol 6452-70-6 C12H18O3
    (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(butyl)carbinol
    —— 4-[(1S)-1-[[2-hydroxy-3-[[(1S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]propyl]amino]ethyl]phenol 1351994-20-1 C19H26N2O3
    4-[(1S)-1-[[2-hydroxy-3-[[(1S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]propyl]amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— methyl-5-hydroxy-2-[4-[[5-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2-methoxy]phenoxymethyl]-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2-methoxy]phenoxymethyl]-4-methoxyhydrocinnamate 147067-65-0 C35H42O12
    methyl-5-hydroxy-2-[4-[[5-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2-methoxy]phenoxymethyl]-[5-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2-methoxy]phenoxymethyl]-4-methoxyhydrocinnamate
    —— (+/-)-6-Fluoro-Epinephrine 115562-29-3 C9H12FNO3
    (+/-)-6-Fluoro-Epinephrine
    —— 4-chlorobenzylidene-2-amino-4-chlorophenol 64073-85-4 C13H9Cl2NO
    4-chlorobenzylidene-2-amino-4-chlorophenol
    —— (E)-4-chloro-2-((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)phenol 1404220-82-1 C13H9Cl2NO
    (E)-4-chloro-2-((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)phenol
    —— p-hydroxy-benzylidene-2-aminothiazole 114857-79-3 C10H8N2OS
    p-hydroxy-benzylidene-2-aminothiazole
    —— 4,5-Bis[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]pentane-1,2,3-triol 3673-13-0 C19H22N2O5
    4,5-Bis[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]pentane-1,2,3-triol
    —— 2-(3-ethoxyphenoxy)-N-(4-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)acetamide 1446338-26-6 C16H16N2O6
    2-(3-ethoxyphenoxy)-N-(4-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 985-54-6 C17H16N4O9
    2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— ethyl (E)-8-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oct-2-en-7-ynoate 1356471-35-6 C17H20O4
    ethyl (E)-8-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)oct-2-en-7-ynoate
    —— Guanidine-pentachlorophenol(1:1) 5944-83-2 C7H6Cl5N3O
    Guanidine-pentachlorophenol(1:1)