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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-[3-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethoxy]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133154-73-1 C28H37N3O5
    6-[3-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethoxy]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 4-Nitro-2-{[1-thiophen-2-yl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-phenol 61382-23-8 C11H8N2O3S
    4-Nitro-2-{[1-thiophen-2-yl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-phenol
    —— 2-{[1-(3-Methyl-thiophen-2-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-nitro-phenol 60957-46-2 C12H10N2O3S
    2-{[1-(3-Methyl-thiophen-2-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 6-[4-[2-[3-(4-(2-cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-propylamino]ethoxy]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133154-63-9 C28H37N3O5
    6-[4-[2-[3-(4-(2-cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-propylamino]ethoxy]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 1-Benzyloxy-4-(2-cyclopentyloxy-ethyl)-benzene 86587-61-3 C20H24O2
    1-Benzyloxy-4-(2-cyclopentyloxy-ethyl)-benzene
    —— 6-[4-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133154-55-9 C28H36ClN3O5
    6-[4-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethoxy]-3-chloro-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133155-12-1 C29H35N5O4
    6-[1-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]benzimidazol-5-yl]-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 6-[4-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxyethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethylaminocarbonylmethyl]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone-hydrochloride 133155-20-1 C30H40N4O5*ClH
    6-[4-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxyethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethylaminocarbonylmethyl]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone-hydrochloride
    —— 6-[4-[3-[3-(4-(2-cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-propylamino]propoxy]-3-methyl-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133154-49-1 C30H41N3O5
    6-[4-[3-[3-(4-(2-cyclobutylmethoxy-ethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-propylamino]propoxy]-3-methyl-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 2-{[1-Furan-2-yl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-nitro-phenol 34755-85-6 C11H8N2O4
    2-{[1-Furan-2-yl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 6-[4-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxyethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone 133155-17-6 C28H37N3O4
    6-[4-[2-[3-(4-(2-Cyclobutylmethoxyethyl)phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino]ethyl]phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinone
    —— 2-{[1-(5-Methyl-furan-2-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-nitro-phenol 52331-78-9 C12H10N2O4
    2-{[1-(5-Methyl-furan-2-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 2-{[1-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-nitro-phenol 51299-50-4 C12H11N3O3
    2-{[1-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-amino}-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 6-Chlor-3,4-dimethoxy-phenaethylalkohol 99188-09-7 C10H13ClO3
    6-Chlor-3,4-dimethoxy-phenaethylalkohol
    —— 2-(5-Nitro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,3-dioxan 94407-04-2 C10H11NO5
    2-(5-Nitro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,3-dioxan
    —— (E)-5-chloro-2-hydroxyacetophenone oxime 87974-51-4 C8H8ClNO2
    (E)-5-chloro-2-hydroxyacetophenone oxime
    —— <i>N</i>-(4-hydroxy-benzylidenamino)-<i>N</i>'-nitro-guanidine 5347-95-5 C8H9N5O3
    <i>N</i>-(4-hydroxy-benzylidenamino)-<i>N</i>'-nitro-guanidine
    —— 2-((1R,2S)-1,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-benzene-1,4-diol 72853-85-1 C21H30O2
    2-((1R,2S)-1,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 4-(3,4-Dichloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2-nitro-phenol 143538-81-2 C12H7Cl2NO5S
    4-(3,4-Dichloro-benzenesulfonyl)-2-nitro-phenol
    —— 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1010800-74-4 C11H12N2O2
    3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— 2,3,5,6-Tetrabromophenol 1745-99-9 C6H2Br4O
    2,3,5,6-Tetrabromophenol
    —— 1-Ethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-thiourea 78720-27-1 C9H11N3O3S
    1-Ethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-thiourea
    —— 4-Nitro-2-<4-nitro-benzylidenamino>-phenol 3331-11-1 C13H9N3O5
    4-Nitro-2-<4-nitro-benzylidenamino>-phenol
    —— 4,5-bis(benzyloxy)-2-fluorophenol 132178-21-3 C20H17FO3
    4,5-bis(benzyloxy)-2-fluorophenol
    —— 5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxyvaleric acid 1204316-10-8 C11H14O6
    5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxyvaleric acid
    —— NSC115535 94306-22-6 C19H16O6
    NSC115535
    —— 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2,3-trimethyloxazolidine 106269-95-8 C12H17NO2
    5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2,3-trimethyloxazolidine
    —— 2-[2-(Benzyl-methyl-amino)-4-(2-benzyloxy-benzyl)-oxazol-5-ylmethyl]-5-methoxy-phenol 875120-90-4 C33H32N2O4
    2-[2-(Benzyl-methyl-amino)-4-(2-benzyloxy-benzyl)-oxazol-5-ylmethyl]-5-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethylimino]-methyl}-6-nitro-phenol 25458-12-2 C11H14N2O4
    2-{[(E)-2-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethylimino]-methyl}-6-nitro-phenol
    —— 2-[α-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-α-hydroxymethyl]thiophene 714951-82-3 C11H10O2S
    2-[α-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-α-hydroxymethyl]thiophene
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-3-hydroxy-benzonitril 861604-57-1 C7H3N3O5
    2,6-Dinitro-3-hydroxy-benzonitril
    —— (1R)-1,2-dihydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethane 146440-39-3 C8H10O3
    (1R)-1,2-dihydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethane
    —— alpha-(4-Bromophenylimino)-4,6-dibromo-O-cresol 195452-16-5 C13H8Br3NO
    alpha-(4-Bromophenylimino)-4,6-dibromo-O-cresol
    —— N-[5-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]-guanidine; hydrobromide 113112-33-7 BrH*C9H9N5OS
    N-[5-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]-guanidine; hydrobromide
    —— aqabamycin G 1252019-82-1 C18H11N3O5
    aqabamycin G
    —— 2,2-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-2λ<sup>6</sup>-benzo[e][1,2]oxathiine-4,7-diol 1447351-51-0 C8H8O5S
    2,2-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-2λ<sup>6</sup>-benzo[e][1,2]oxathiine-4,7-diol
    —— 2-diethoxyphosphorylhydroquinone 64362-80-7 C10H15O5P
    2-diethoxyphosphorylhydroquinone
    —— 2-ethyl-N,N-dimethylbutan-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 92368-50-8 C14H22N4O7
    2-ethyl-N,N-dimethylbutan-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— ethyl 3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isoxazolecarboxylate 129207-87-0 C21H21NO4
    ethyl 3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isoxazolecarboxylate
    —— N,N-dimethyl-2-propylpentan-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 93153-87-8 C16H26N4O7
    N,N-dimethyl-2-propylpentan-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— (R)-S-2-hydroxyphenyl S-1-methylethyl sulfoximine 177944-25-1 C9H13NO2S
    (R)-S-2-hydroxyphenyl S-1-methylethyl sulfoximine
    —— benzyl(diethyl)azanium;2,4,6-trinitrophenolate —— C17H20N4O7
    benzyl(diethyl)azanium;2,4,6-trinitrophenolate
    —— 7-methylsalicylidene-cyclohexylamine 79602-24-7 C14H19NO
    7-methylsalicylidene-cyclohexylamine
    —— 2,4-dinitro-6-(2-thienyl)phenol 103068-37-7 C10H6N2O5S
    2,4-dinitro-6-(2-thienyl)phenol
    —— N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzylamine 124843-15-8 C15H15NO2
    N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzylamine
    —— 6-Chlor-salicylaldehyd-oxim 90048-08-1 C7H6ClNO2
    6-Chlor-salicylaldehyd-oxim
    —— 4-[2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethyl]phenol 80200-08-4 C10H11N3O
    4-[2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-[1,3]Dithian-2-yl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenol 620595-07-5 C16H23BO3S2
    2-[1,3]Dithian-2-yl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldoxime 349660-79-3 C7H7NO3
    2,4-dihydroxybenzaldoxime
    —— 4-[2-(2-Chloromethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-ethyl]-phenol 37827-64-8 C12H15ClO3
    4-[2-(2-Chloromethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-ethyl]-phenol