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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(4,5-diamino-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylmethyl)-phenol 828911-25-7 C9H11N5O
    4-(4,5-diamino-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylmethyl)-phenol
    —— (3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-(1-(2-p-nitrophenylethyl)-piperidin-4-yl)-methanol 1160298-56-5 C21H26N2O5
    (3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)-(1-(2-p-nitrophenylethyl)-piperidin-4-yl)-methanol
    —— 4-(1-Methyl-pentadecyl)-phenol 21566-87-0 C22H38O
    4-(1-Methyl-pentadecyl)-phenol
    —— Pilaren 60996-13-6 C20H29N3O5
    Pilaren
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-2-propenyl-phenol 5361-83-1 C11H14O
    3,5-Dimethyl-2-propenyl-phenol
    —— 3-methoxy-4-ethylphenol 400837-51-6 C9H12O2
    3-methoxy-4-ethylphenol
    —— 1,2-diphenyl-4-salicylidene-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione 95160-95-5 C22H16N2O3
    1,2-diphenyl-4-salicylidene-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
    —— 2-cyano-N'-[1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylohydrazide 1374879-82-9 C21H21N3O5
    2-cyano-N'-[1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene]-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylohydrazide
    —— 2',3'-epoxypropyl-3,4-dihydroxy benzene 62600-15-1 C9H10O3
    2',3'-epoxypropyl-3,4-dihydroxy benzene
    —— 4-(1-methylcyclobutyl)phenol 91876-30-1 C11H14O
    4-(1-methylcyclobutyl)phenol
    —— 2-azido-5-[1-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-imidazole 445474-84-0 C21H23N5O4
    2-azido-5-[1-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-methyl-1H-imidazole
    —— 2,4-dimethoxy-6-(2'-hydroxy)ethylphenol 359844-39-6 C10H14O4
    2,4-dimethoxy-6-(2'-hydroxy)ethylphenol
    —— 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenoxybis(2,6-dimethylanil) 514806-04-3 C25H26N2O
    2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenoxybis(2,6-dimethylanil)
    —— (E)-3-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 1198098-04-2 C11H9NO3
    (E)-3-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
    —— (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione 1198098-09-7 C12H11NO4
    (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
    —— 2,3-dihydroxybenzylamine hydroiodide 79490-79-2 C7H9NO2*HI
    2,3-dihydroxybenzylamine hydroiodide
    —— 1-acetamide-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole 1107065-11-1 C11H13N3O2
    1-acetamide-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole
    —— 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-5-(4'-oxy-phenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazolin 92965-84-9 C16H16N2O
    3-Methyl-1-phenyl-5-(4'-oxy-phenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazolin
    —— 4-((2S,4S)-2-Ethyl-4-(S)-piperidin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-phenol 139132-68-6 C16H23NO3
    4-((2S,4S)-2-Ethyl-4-(S)-piperidin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-((2S,4S)-2-Ethyl-4-(S)-piperidin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-phenol 139132-66-4 C16H23NO3
    2-((2S,4S)-2-Ethyl-4-(S)-piperidin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)-phenol
    —— (2S,4S,6S)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethyl-4-(2-piperidyl)-1,3-dioxolane 139132-67-5 C16H23NO3
    (2S,4S,6S)-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethyl-4-(2-piperidyl)-1,3-dioxolane
    —— (2-bromo-4-fluoro-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid 1232402-57-1 C8H6BrFO3
    (2-bromo-4-fluoro-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxy-buta-2,3-dienyl)-phenol 132927-20-9 C10H10O2
    3-(1-Hydroxy-buta-2,3-dienyl)-phenol
    —— 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenethyl methanesulfonate 656227-26-8 C10H11F3O4S
    4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenethyl methanesulfonate
    —— (R)-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-1-(4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrrolidin-2-one 956320-38-0 C25H41ClN2O3Si
    (R)-3-(2-chloro-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-1-(4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-piperidin-1-yl)-pyrrolidin-2-one
    —— 2-[2-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]tetrahydro-2H-pyran 681431-20-9 C15H21BrO4
    2-[2-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethoxy]tetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— isocombretastatin A-2 1170046-04-4 C17H16O5
    isocombretastatin A-2
    —— 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid 681431-18-5 C10H15BO5
    2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-imino-buttersaeureaethylester 5294-49-5 C12H14N4O5
    2-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-imino-buttersaeureaethylester
    —— 3,4-diamino-6-bromo-2-fluorophenol 1210047-89-4 C6H6BrFN2O
    3,4-diamino-6-bromo-2-fluorophenol
    —— 5-(3-bromo-2-furyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1312996-86-3 C11H9BrO3
    5-(3-bromo-2-furyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-thiobenzoyl)-tetrahydro-1,4-oxazin 64709-43-9 C13H17NO4S
    4-(3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-thiobenzoyl)-tetrahydro-1,4-oxazin
    —— <i>S</i>-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-isothiourea; hydrochloride 6274-93-7 C7H8N2O2S*ClH
    <i>S</i>-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-isothiourea; hydrochloride
    —— m-hydroxymandelic acid 17513-99-4 C8H8O4
    m-hydroxymandelic acid
    —— 4-Methoxy-2-tert.-octyl-phenol 2460-62-0 C15H24O2
    4-Methoxy-2-tert.-octyl-phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-dodecyl-5-methylphenol 1115234-57-5 C19H31BrO
    4-bromo-2-dodecyl-5-methylphenol
    —— {2-[2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl}-acetaldehyde 93559-11-6 C13H16O4
    {2-[2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl}-acetaldehyde
    —— 7-methoxyacetyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one 112450-16-5 C10H8O5S
    7-methoxyacetyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)benzaldehyde 1242104-36-4 C13H16O3Si
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-(2-trimethylsilylethynyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 4,5-dihydroxybenzocyclobutene-1,2-dione 41737-30-8 C8H4O4
    4,5-dihydroxybenzocyclobutene-1,2-dione
    —— (S)-2,2,2-trichloroethyl 4-((R)-2-(benzyloxy)-1-(7-methyl-6-(methylsulfonyloxy)benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)ethyl)-2-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methylbenzyl)-5-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxylate 1234550-73-2 C35H36BrCl3N2O11S
    (S)-2,2,2-trichloroethyl 4-((R)-2-(benzyloxy)-1-(7-methyl-6-(methylsulfonyloxy)benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)ethyl)-2-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methylbenzyl)-5-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxylate
    —— (2E,4E)-1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dien-1-one 136054-88-1 C18H16O3
    (2E,4E)-1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-5-phenyl-penta-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 5[8′(Z),11′(Z)-pentadecadienyl]resorcinol 79473-25-9 C21H32O2
    5[8′(Z),11′(Z)-pentadecadienyl]resorcinol
    —— 4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-isophthalaldehyde-dioxime 26230-27-3 C9H10N2O4
    4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-isophthalaldehyde-dioxime
    —— 2,5-Dihydroxyphenylthioschwetelsaeure 71240-48-7 C6H6O5S2
    2,5-Dihydroxyphenylthioschwetelsaeure
    —— 3-[1-(5-Cyanopyrid-2-yl)4-piperidinylamino]-1-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-propanol 252577-95-0 C20H24N4O3
    3-[1-(5-Cyanopyrid-2-yl)4-piperidinylamino]-1-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-2-propanol
    —— <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-aniline; picrate 15389-46-5 C6H3N3O7*C10H15N
    <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl-aniline; picrate
    —— N-methylaniline picrate 14953-19-6 C6H3N3O7*C7H9N
    N-methylaniline picrate
    —— bromo-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-arsine 7464-66-6 C12H8AsBrN2O6
    bromo-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-arsine
    —— 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-benzyloxyethyl)benzene 99221-24-6 C17H20O3
    1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-benzyloxyethyl)benzene