酚类
酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。
结构与分类酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：
- 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
- 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
- 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
- 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
- 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
- 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
- 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
- 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
酚类可以通过多种途径制备：
- 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
- 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。
以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 2-bromo-4-(((5-bromopyridin-2-yl)imino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol | 1253124-49-0 | C13H10Br2N2O2 |
| —— | 2-(2,3-dimethoxy-5-(methoxymethyl)phenyl)propan-2-ol | 1415689-88-1 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | 5-((5-bromoindolin-1-yl)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol | 1294010-65-3 | C16H16BrNO2 |
| —— | (E)-3-(4-chlorobut-3-en-1-ynyl)phenol | 1450991-01-1 | C10H7ClO |
| —— | 2-Methoxy-6-{[1H-quinolin-(2Z)-ylidene]-hydrazonomethyl}-phenol | 57876-79-6 | C17H15N3O2 |
| —— | 2-[(E)-Adamantan-1-yliminomethyl]-6-chloro-phenol | 57277-80-2 | C17H20ClNO |
| —— | 4-(7-bromo-heptyloxy)-phenol | 861009-07-6 | C13H19BrO2 |
| —— | 4-(3-Methylpentoxy)phenol | 1415224-30-4 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 3,3'-dibromo-5,5'-dinitro-2,2'-biphenyldiol | 105837-75-0 | C12H6Br2N2O6 |
| —— | (R)-2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-propionic acid ethyl ester | 141847-07-6 | C13H18O5 |
| —— | N,N'-(2,5-dihydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(2-methyl-3-oxohexanamide) | 120040-68-8 | C20H28N2O6 |
| —— | 2-Chloro-5-fluoro-4-methylphenol | 1803588-57-9 | C7H6ClFO |
| —— | 2-(4-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-3,3,5-trimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-1-oxide | 1072938-34-1 | C14H18N2O2 |
| —— | 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-diacetoxyethane | 91471-11-3 | C13H16O6 |
| —— | 3-Chloro-5-[1,3]dioxan-2-yl-2-methoxy-phenol | 511295-25-3 | C11H13ClO4 |
| —— | 5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-2-(6-nitrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-one | 1056199-00-8 | C19H14N4O6S2 |
| —— | 2-bromo-3-chloro-4-nitro-phenol | 858855-17-1 | C6H3BrClNO3 |
| —— | 4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)oxypropan-2-yl]-3-methoxyphenol | 1031392-36-5 | C12H12F6O4 |
| —— | 5-((2-(6-chloropyridazin-3-yl)hydrazono)methyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol | 1267970-74-0 | C11H9ClN4O3 |
| —— | N-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]heptanamide | 549490-42-8 | C14H19N3O4 |
| —— | 4-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxybutan-2-one | 1162641-87-3 | C10H11BrO3 |
| —— | 4-[2-(3-heptyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-5-yl)-vinyl]-benzene-1,2-diol | 1332498-59-5 | C17H22N2O3 |
| —— | N-[4-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-thiazol-2-yl]-guanidine; hydrochloride | 123310-92-9 | C10H10N4O2S*ClH |
| —— | 4-Cyclooctyloxy-phenol | 92300-99-7 | C14H20O2 |
| —— | Lignosulfonic acid, compd. with 2,2',2''-nitrilotris(ethanol) | 53147-96-9 | C13H23NO9S |
| —— | 2-bromo-3,4,5-trichlorophenol | 57653-84-6 | C6H2BrCl3O |
| —— | 3-(1-ethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-2-fluorophenol | 871353-21-8 | C13H16FNO |
| —— | (2Z,5Z)-N-[5-({2-[(3-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)azamethylene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-5-ylidene}methyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]acetamide | 1253209-57-2 | C16H14N4O3S2 |
| —— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-α-hydroxybenzyl)-1,3-dithiane-d3 | 180028-23-3 | C11H14O3S2 |
| —— | N-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-P,P-diphenylphosphinothioic amide | 1257099-10-7 | C20H18NO2PS |
| —— | 4-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-benzylidenamino)-resorcinol | 100866-95-3 | C14H13NO3 |
| —— | benzyl (26,28-dihydroxy-5,17-dinitro-27-phenylmethoxycarbonyloxy-25-pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9(27),10,12,15(26),16,18,21,23-dodecaenyl) carbonate | 162106-61-8 | C44H34N2O12 |
| —— | 4-methoxy-6-methyl-N-(1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine | 1465740-20-8 | C13H14N4O3 |
| —— | methyl 3-{2-hydroxy-4-[(methoxymethoxy)methyl]phenyl}propanoate | 1219455-67-0 | C13H18O5 |
| —— | 1-benzoyl-3-(2''-hydroxy-3''-bromo-4''-n-butoxy-5''-nitrophen-1''-yl)-5-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-pyrazoline | 132559-10-5 | C27H24BrN3O7 |
| —— | 3,4-dimethyl-2-(2-nitro-benzenesulfonyl)-phenol | 107922-52-1 | C14H13NO5S |
| —— | 2-{[(E)-4-Bromo-phenylimino]-methyl}-pyridin-3-ol | 65974-45-0 | C12H9BrN2O |
| —— | 5-[1-(5-Bromo-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-3-phenyl-cyclopent-2-enone | 65698-92-2 | C18H13BrO2 |
| —— | N-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-formyl-benzyliden)-(p-chlor-anilin) | 15334-02-8 | C15H12ClNO3 |
| —— | 2-[(E)-5-(3,3-Dimethyl-oxiranyl)-3-methyl-pent-2-enyl]-4-methoxy-6-methyl-phenol | 64997-59-7 | C18H26O3 |
| —— | 2,6-dimethoxy-4-((2-(4-morpholinopyrimidin-2-yl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenol | 908141-52-6 | C17H21N5O4 |
| —— | N-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methylacetamide | 1178165-35-9 | C11H15NO2 |
| —— | 5,5′-dimethoxy-2,2′ -[4,5-di-methyl-o-phenylenebis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol | 1402349-41-0 | C24H24N2O4 |
| —— | 3,4,5-tributyl-2-(hex-1-ynyl)phenol | 1252687-14-1 | C24H38O |
| —— | 2-Methoxy-4-[2-(4-methyl-benzylamino)-ethyl]-phenol | 107044-58-6 | C17H21NO2 |
| —— | 2-(((5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol | 6578-88-7 | C15H11N3OS |
| —— | 2-(5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazin-2-yl)-4-methoxyphenol | 1268833-77-7 | C11H13NO3 |
| —— | calcium 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzeneselenonate | 94772-94-8 | 2C7H7O5Se*Ca |
| —— | 3-chloro-2,4,5,6-tetranitro-phenol | 859951-43-2 | C6HClN4O9 |
| —— | 4-[2-[2-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-methoxy-4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)butyl]-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol | 93559-23-0 | C30H36O7 |
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