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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-6-chlorophenol;hydrochloride 1391381-37-5 C8H11Cl2NO2
    2-[(1R)-1-amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-6-chlorophenol;hydrochloride
    —— 2,3,5-Trimethyl-4-[2-methyl-prop-(E)-ylideneamino]-phenol 2830-68-4 C13H19NO
    2,3,5-Trimethyl-4-[2-methyl-prop-(E)-ylideneamino]-phenol
    —— 5-bromo-2-(pyrrole-2-yl-methylidine)aminophenol 1415425-51-2 C11H9BrN2O
    5-bromo-2-(pyrrole-2-yl-methylidine)aminophenol
    —— 3-cyano-2,4-diamino-5-salicylidene-5,6-dihydropyridin-6-one 83986-42-9 C13H10N4O2
    3-cyano-2,4-diamino-5-salicylidene-5,6-dihydropyridin-6-one
    —— 4-chloro-2-(1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)phenol 1374575-86-6 C12H15ClO2Si
    4-chloro-2-(1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)phenol
    —— maleate salt of 1-{4-[2-(allyloxy)-ethyl]phenoxy}-3-isopropylamino propan-2-ol 884340-64-1 C4H4O4*C17H27NO3
    maleate salt of 1-{4-[2-(allyloxy)-ethyl]phenoxy}-3-isopropylamino propan-2-ol
    —— 5-{[(E)-2-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-2-methyl-phenol 107044-65-5 C18H21NO3
    5-{[(E)-2-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethylimino]-methyl}-2-methyl-phenol
    —— monolithiocatecholate-(ether) 126112-54-7 C2H6O*C6H5O2*Li
    monolithiocatecholate-(ether)
    —— [Cu(H2cah)(H2O)] 1095046-79-9 C11H13CuNO7
    [Cu(H2cah)(H2O)]
    —— (5S,13S)-19-bromo-5,13-diphenyl-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxabicyclo[15.3.1]henicosa-1(20),17(21),18-trien-21-ol 666837-02-1 C28H31BrO6
    (5S,13S)-19-bromo-5,13-diphenyl-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxabicyclo[15.3.1]henicosa-1(20),17(21),18-trien-21-ol
    —— 20039-79-6 C14H15NO5
    —— N-Benzyl-N-chloracetyl-tyramin 52447-37-7 C17H18ClNO2
    N-Benzyl-N-chloracetyl-tyramin
    —— 2-(Hexylethanimidoyl)phenol 16308-59-1 C14H21NO
    2-(Hexylethanimidoyl)phenol
    —— [(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-isopropylamino-methyl]-phosphonic acid 61146-21-2 C10H16NO4P
    [(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-isopropylamino-methyl]-phosphonic acid
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid hydrazide 88368-73-4 C10H14N2O3
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid hydrazide
    —— 5-[(E)-2-bromo-2-fluoro-vinyl]-2-methoxy-phenol 1021916-43-7 C9H8BrFO2
    5-[(E)-2-bromo-2-fluoro-vinyl]-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 371195-85-6 C20H34O3Si
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-formyl-benzyliden)-(2,4-dichlor-anilin) 15334-03-9 C15H11Cl2NO3
    N-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-formyl-benzyliden)-(2,4-dichlor-anilin)
    —— N,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-1,2-diamino-2-methylpropane 263570-01-0 C20H24N2O4
    N,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-1,2-diamino-2-methylpropane
    —— 2-(1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenol 1374575-85-5 C13H18O3Si
    2-(1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— N'-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-2-(3-methyl-5-oxo-4-[(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)amino]-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide 1423123-80-1 C18H17N7O3
    N'-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-2-(3-methyl-5-oxo-4-[(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)amino]-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide
    —— N-Salicyliden-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)amin 86628-65-1 C10H11NO4
    N-Salicyliden-(ethoxycarbonyloxy)amin
    —— [Cu(2-[(3-methylaminopropylimino)methyl]-phenol(-1H))(N3)]n 1234506-70-7 C11H15N2O*Cu*N3
    [Cu(2-[(3-methylaminopropylimino)methyl]-phenol(-1H))(N3)]n
    —— sodium-trans-1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propene-1-sulphonate 104503-90-4 C11H13O6S*Na
    sodium-trans-1-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propene-1-sulphonate
    —— 2-methoxy-5-((5-methylindolin-1-yl)methyl)phenol 1294010-69-7 C17H19NO2
    2-methoxy-5-((5-methylindolin-1-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— 2,6-dibromo-3,4-dichloro-phenol 13664-64-7 C6H2Br2Cl2O
    2,6-dibromo-3,4-dichloro-phenol
    —— <3-Brom-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl>-essigsaeure-methylester 90841-71-7 C10H11BrO4
    <3-Brom-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl>-essigsaeure-methylester
    —— 2-Isohexyl-5-methyl-phenol 5055-53-8 C13H20O
    2-Isohexyl-5-methyl-phenol
    —— N-Chloracetyl-N-benzyl-p-hydroxybenzylamin 52447-45-7 C16H16ClNO2
    N-Chloracetyl-N-benzyl-p-hydroxybenzylamin
    —— [(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propylamino-methyl]-phosphonic acid 61146-20-1 C10H16NO4P
    [(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-propylamino-methyl]-phosphonic acid
    —— 3-hydroxyamino-1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-one oxime 36256-94-7 C14H15N3O3
    3-hydroxyamino-1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-one oxime
    —— 4-t-Butyl-3,5-dideuterio-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 53723-76-5 C12H18O3
    4-t-Butyl-3,5-dideuterio-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— [1-Amino-2-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-phosphonic acid 137619-65-9 C8H12NO4P
    [1-Amino-2-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-phosphonic acid
    —— 4-[(6-amino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-benzene-1,3-diol 851660-46-3 C11H9N7O3
    4-[(6-amino-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazin-5-yl)-hydrazonomethyl]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-(1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-{1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-propoxy)-propoxy]-propoxy}-propyl)-phenol 206560-61-4 C21H5F31O5
    4-(1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-{1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-[1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-heptafluoropropyloxy-propoxy)-propoxy]-propoxy}-propyl)-phenol
    —— 3,5-dimethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 2557358-56-0 C14H21BO3
    3,5-dimethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 5-methyl-2-hydroxyacetophenonemethanesulfonylhydrazone 1163120-54-4 C10H14N2O3S
    5-methyl-2-hydroxyacetophenonemethanesulfonylhydrazone
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (E)-O-(1,1-dioxo-1H-1λ6-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)-oxime 27019-97-2 C15H12N2O5S
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (E)-O-(1,1-dioxo-1H-1λ6-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)-oxime
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid dimethylamide 151719-99-2 C10H13NO3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid dimethylamide
    —— (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acetone semicarbazone 16236-53-6 C11H15N3O3
    (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acetone semicarbazone
    —— 6-Amino-5-<(2,4-dihydroxy-benzyliden)-amino>-1,3-dimethyl-uracil 20886-60-6 C13H14N4O4
    6-Amino-5-<(2,4-dihydroxy-benzyliden)-amino>-1,3-dimethyl-uracil
    —— 2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidine)hydrazinyl-4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazole 154694-14-1 C17H14BrN3O2S
    2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidine)hydrazinyl-4-(4-bromophenyl)thiazole
    —— 3-[4-difluoromethyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]propionic acid 1204424-82-7 C13H11F2NO4
    3-[4-difluoromethyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]propionic acid
    —— 2-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)iminomethyl]-3-methylphenol 1078728-97-8 C14H11F2NO
    2-[(2,5-difluorophenyl)iminomethyl]-3-methylphenol
    —— 6-oxy-2.4-dimethyl-acetophenone-α oxime 111277-22-6 C10H13NO2
    6-oxy-2.4-dimethyl-acetophenone-α oxime
    —— 2-{[(2-chloro-ethyl)-methyl-amino]-methyl}-hydroquinone 99513-37-8 C10H14ClNO2
    2-{[(2-chloro-ethyl)-methyl-amino]-methyl}-hydroquinone
    —— 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone 502491-87-4 C14H13N3O3S
    2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone
    —— 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]phenol 188570-22-1 C14H24OSi
    2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-[3,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]butanol 122004-91-5 C12H18O2
    4-[3,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]butanol
    —— 2-[3-(3-dodecylamino-propyl)-oxazolidin-2-yl]-phenol 55771-67-0 C24H42N2O2
    2-[3-(3-dodecylamino-propyl)-oxazolidin-2-yl]-phenol