有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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3-(4-氨基-苯基)-吡咯烷-2,5-二酮 | p-Aminophenylsuccinimid | 32856-49-8 | C10H10N2O2 |
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3-(4-氨基-1,2,5-恶二唑-3-基)-4-(3-溴-4-氟苯基)-1,2,4-恶二唑-5(4H)-酮 | 3-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-one | 914471-43-5 | C10H5BrFN5O3 |
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3-(4-氟苯甲酰基)托烷 | 2-(4-Fluorobenzoyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane | 96920-56-8 | C15H18FNO |
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3-(4-氟苯氧基)-1-丙胺 | 3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propan-1-amine | 116753-54-9 | C9H12FNO |
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3-(4-氟苯基)环戊酮 | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopentanone | 165591-10-6 | C11H11FO |
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3-(4-氟苯基)戊二酸 | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)pentanedioic acid | 3449-63-6 | C11H11FO4 |
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3-(4-氟苯基)吡咯烷盐酸盐 | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidine hydrochloride | 1029636-03-0 | C10H12FN*ClH |
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3-(4-氟苯基)丙醛 | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)propanal | 63416-70-6 | C9H9FO |
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3-(4-氟苯基)丙酸 | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid | 459-31-4 | C9H9FO2 |
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3-(4-氟苯基)-5-甲基-4-异恶唑羧酸 | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid | 1736-21-6 | C11H8FNO3 |
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3-(4-氟苯基)-5-氨基异噁唑 | 5-amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)isoxazole | 81465-82-9 | C9H7FN2O |
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3-(4-氟苯基)-3-氧代丙酰胺 | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-oxopropionamide | 671188-82-2 | C9H8FNO2 |
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3-(4-氟苯基)-2-硫基氧代-1,3-噻唑烷-4-酮 | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one | 387-27-9 | C9H6FNOS2 |
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3-(4-氟苯基)-2-丙烯酰氯 | 4-fluorocinnamoyl chloride | 39098-89-0 | C9H6ClFO |
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3-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-5-胺 | 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine | 72411-52-0 | C9H8FN3 |
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3-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸 | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid | 870704-22-6 | C10H7FN2O2 |
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3-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲醛 | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde | 306936-57-2 | C10H7FN2O |
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3-(4-哌啶基)-1-丙醇 | 3-(piperidin-4-yl)propan-1-ol | 7037-49-2 | C8H17NO |
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3-(4-哌啶)1,3-苯并恶唑-2-(3H)酮 | 3-(piperidin-4-yl)benzo[d]oxazole-2(3H)-one | 215878-20-9 | C12H14N2O2 |
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3-(4-吗啉基)苯胺 | 3-morpholine-4-ylaniline | 159724-40-0 | C10H14N2O |
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3-(4-吗啉基)苯甲酸 | 3-morpholinobenzoic acid | 215309-00-5 | C11H13NO3 |
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3-(4-吗啉基)-4-氟苯甲醛 | 4-Fluoro-3-morpholinobenzaldehyde | 1197193-13-7 | C11H12FNO2 |
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3-(4-叔丁基苯)-丙酸 | 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propionic acid | 1208-64-6 | C13H18O2 |
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3-(4-二乙胺-2-羟基苯偶氮)-4-羟基苯磺酸 | Benzenesulfonic acid, 3-((4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxyphenyl)azo)-4-hydroxy- | 1563-01-5 | C16H19N3O5S |
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3-(4-乙氧基苯基)-2-硫氧代-2,3-二氢-4(1h)-喹唑烷酮 | 2-Mercapto-3-(p-ethoxyphenyl)-chinazolon-4 | 1035-51-4 | C16H14N2O2S |
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3-(4-(甲氧基羰基)苯基)氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 3-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate | 1240970-70-0 | C16H21NO4 |
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3-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)丙酸 | 3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)propanoic acid | 886499-74-7 | C10H9F3O3 |
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3-(4-(7-氯喹啉-4-基)哌嗪-1-基)丙酸 | 3-(4-(7-Chloroquinolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)propanoic acid | 925673-45-6 | C16H18ClN3O2 |
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3-(3-苯基-1,2,4-噁二唑)丙酸盐 | 3-<(3-Phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl>propionic acid | 24088-59-3 | C11H10N2O3 |
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3-(3-羟基苯基)吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine | 1094217-59-0 | C15H21NO3 |
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3-(3-羟基苯基)丙酸 | 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid | 621-54-5 | C9H10O3 |
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3-(3-羟基丙氧基)丙-1-醇 | bis(3-hydroxypropyl)ether | 2396-61-4 | C6H14O3 |
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3-(3-羟丙基)-苯酚 | 3-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol | 1424-74-4 | C9H12O2 |
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3-(3-碘苯基)丙烯酸 | 3-iodocinnamic acid | 41070-12-6 | C9H7IO2 |
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3-(3-碘)苯乙酸 | 3-(3-iodophenyl)propanoic acid | 68034-75-3 | C9H9IO2 |
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3-(3-硝基苯基)丙酸 | 3-(3-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid | 1664-57-9 | C9H9NO4 |
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3-(3-甲氧基苯基)丙酸 | 3-(3-Methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid | 10516-71-9 | C10H12O3 |
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3-(3-溴苯基)丙酸 | 3-(3-bromophenyl)propanoic acid | 42287-90-1 | C9H9BrO2 |
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3-(3-溴苯基)-5-氨基异噁唑 | 3-(3-bromophenyl)isoxazol-5-amine | 119162-52-6 | C9H7BrN2O |
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3-(3-溴苯基)-4H-1,2,4-噻唑 | 3-(3-bromophenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole | 342617-08-7 | C8H6BrN3 |
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3-(3-溴苯基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑 | 3-(3-bromo-phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole | 425379-68-6 | C10H9BrN2 |
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3-(3-氯苯氧基)-2-氧代丙基磷酸二甲酯 | dimethyl 3-(3-chlorophenoxy)-2-oxopropylphosphonate | 40665-94-9 | C11H14ClO5P |
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3-(3-氯苯基)苯胺盐酸盐 | 3'-chloro-biphenyl-3-ylamine; hydrochloride | 854234-49-4 | C12H10ClN*ClH |
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3-(3-氯苯基)硫代吗啉 | 3-(3-chlorophenyl)thiomorpholine | 864685-25-6 | C10H12ClNS |
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3-(3-氯苯基)丁-2-烯酸 | (E)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)but-2-enoic acid | 7394-51-6 | C10H9ClO2 |
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3-(3-氯-4-甲基苯基)-2-硫基氧代-2,3-二氢-4(1h)-喹唑啉酮 | 3-(3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinazolinone | 81066-84-4 | C15H11ClN2OS |
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3-(3-氨基苯氧基)苯胺 | 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl ether | 15268-07-2 | C12H12N2O |
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3-(3-氟苯氧基)丙酸 | 3-(3-fluorophenoxy)propanoic acid | 133077-42-6 | C9H9FO3 |
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3-(3-氟-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酸 | 3-(3-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)acrylic acid | 261951-72-8 | C10H9FO2 |
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3-(3-嘧啶)丙烷肼 | 3-(3-pyridyl)propanehydrazide | 320608-52-4 | C8H11N3O |
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