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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(E)-5-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)pent-2-enyl] methyl carbonate 593251-66-2 C13H15FO4
    [(E)-5-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)pent-2-enyl] methyl carbonate
    —— (cyclohexyl)-4-hydroxyphenylmethanol 263256-74-2 C13H18O2
    (cyclohexyl)-4-hydroxyphenylmethanol
    —— 4-<2-Hydroxy-phenyl>-3-methyl-but-3-en-saeure 91142-96-0 C11H12O3
    4-<2-Hydroxy-phenyl>-3-methyl-but-3-en-saeure
    —— 4-methyl-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol 1153622-42-4 C12H14N2O2
    4-methyl-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol 1153622-51-5 C11H11BrN2O2
    4-bromo-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol
    —— 4-methoxy-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol 1153622-45-7 C12H14N2O3
    4-methoxy-2-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amino]methylphenol
    —— 2,5,5-trimethyl-2-(3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-1-oxyl 124189-97-5 C13H16N3O6
    2,5,5-trimethyl-2-(3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-1-oxyl
    —— cladoacetal A 443999-21-1 C12H12O3
    cladoacetal A
    —— 5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(hex-5-enoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1094618-94-6 C72H104O12
    5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(hex-5-enoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 3-methyl-4-anilinophenol 17654-13-6 C13H13NO
    3-methyl-4-anilinophenol
    —— 4-ethoxy-fluorophenol 1196486-63-1 C8H9FO2
    4-ethoxy-fluorophenol
    —— 2-(2,2-Dichlorocyclopropyl)phenol 52178-83-3 C9H8Cl2O
    2-(2,2-Dichlorocyclopropyl)phenol
    —— 4-benzyloxy-2,5-di-t-butylphenol 223134-07-4 C21H28O2
    4-benzyloxy-2,5-di-t-butylphenol
    —— 1-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy)-3-(tert.-butylamino)-2-propanol 62734-30-9 C13H21NO3
    1-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy)-3-(tert.-butylamino)-2-propanol
    —— N-ethoxythiocarbonyl-4-hydroxy-benzylamine 198898-38-3 C10H13NO2S
    N-ethoxythiocarbonyl-4-hydroxy-benzylamine
    —— 4-methoxymethoxy-3,5-dimethylphenol 223133-22-0 C10H14O3
    4-methoxymethoxy-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 2-chloro-4-methoxymethoxy-3,5-dimethylphenol 223133-20-8 C10H13ClO3
    2-chloro-4-methoxymethoxy-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-methoxymethoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenol 223133-10-6 C11H16O3
    4-methoxymethoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenol
    —— 4-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)phenol 86176-54-7 C10H10ClNO3
    4-Chloro-2-(5-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— (+/-)-prenalterol 62340-37-8 C12H19NO3*H
    (+/-)-prenalterol
    —— 1-[4-[2-(4-methoxyphenethyloxy)-ethoxy]phenoxy]-3-isopropylamino-2-propanol hydrochloride 81228-29-7 C23H33NO5*ClH
    1-[4-[2-(4-methoxyphenethyloxy)-ethoxy]phenoxy]-3-isopropylamino-2-propanol hydrochloride
    —— 2-(1-Hexylheptyl)-phenol 17404-56-7 C19H32O
    2-(1-Hexylheptyl)-phenol
    —— 3-(2-hexyl)phenol 92904-11-5 C12H18O
    3-(2-hexyl)phenol
    —— 6,6'-dimethoxy-2,2'-(piperazine-1,4-diylbismethylene)diphenol 24773-90-8 C20H26N2O4
    6,6'-dimethoxy-2,2'-(piperazine-1,4-diylbismethylene)diphenol
    —— 4-[2(R)-octoxy]phenol 73329-07-4 C14H22O2
    4-[2(R)-octoxy]phenol
    —— 2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-methylbutyl)-phenol 4097-42-1 C11H14N2O5
    2,6-Dinitro-4-(1-methylbutyl)-phenol
    —— 6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 457628-15-8 C8H7FO3
    6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— (S)-4-[(3,6-dimethylheptyl)oxy]phenol 1351387-30-8 C15H24O2
    (S)-4-[(3,6-dimethylheptyl)oxy]phenol
    —— 4-[2-(2-N-Boc-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]phenol 195516-74-6 C15H23NO5
    4-[2-(2-N-Boc-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]phenol
    —— 4-Methyl-2,6-bis(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohexylsulfanylmethyl)phenol 1192176-18-3 C21H18F18OS2
    4-Methyl-2,6-bis(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohexylsulfanylmethyl)phenol
    —— 3,5-dimethoxy-2-formyl-6-<(hydroxyethyl)methylaminomethyl>phenol 154198-22-8 C13H19NO5
    3,5-dimethoxy-2-formyl-6-<(hydroxyethyl)methylaminomethyl>phenol
    —— 1-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]-4-hydroxybenzene 397244-06-3 C10H14O4
    1-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]-4-hydroxybenzene
    —— 4-[2-(4-chloro-1-pyrazolyl)ethoxy]phenol 80200-05-1 C11H11ClN2O2
    4-[2-(4-chloro-1-pyrazolyl)ethoxy]phenol
    —— 3-Bromo-5-difluoromethyl-phenol 770718-98-4 C7H5BrF2O
    3-Bromo-5-difluoromethyl-phenol
    —— 4-[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)ethoxy]phenol 80200-16-4 C10H11N3O2
    4-[2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)ethoxy]phenol
    —— 2-[[4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]methyl]benzoic acid 856420-33-2 C16H16O4
    2-[[4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]methyl]benzoic acid
    —— 4-(thiophen-3-ylmethyl)phenol 179018-41-8 C11H10OS
    4-(thiophen-3-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— (p-hydroxyphenyl)dithiophosphonic anhydride 915282-74-5 C12H10O2P2S4
    (p-hydroxyphenyl)dithiophosphonic anhydride
    —— 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-methylhexan-3-one 33004-60-3 C13H18O3
    2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-methylhexan-3-one
    —— α-hydroxy-α-trifluoromethyl-2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester 115057-99-3 C10H9F3O5
    α-hydroxy-α-trifluoromethyl-2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester
    —— methyl α-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-α-hydroxy-β,β,β-trifluoropropionate 123557-95-9 C12H13F3O4
    methyl α-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-α-hydroxy-β,β,β-trifluoropropionate
    —— tert-butyl 2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylcarbamate 1147392-23-1 C14H21NO5
    tert-butyl 2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethylcarbamate
    —— 9-[6-(tert-butyl{3-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulphonyl]propyl}amino)hexyl]-4-fluoro-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-3-ol 1353007-15-4 C35H46F7NO3S
    9-[6-(tert-butyl{3-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulphonyl]propyl}amino)hexyl]-4-fluoro-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-3-ol
    —— 4-(fur-2-ylmethyl)phenol 66123-90-8 C11H10O2
    4-(fur-2-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— 9-{6-[(2,2-difluoroethyl){3-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulphonyl]propyl}amino]hexyl}-4-fluoro-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-3-ol 1353007-16-5 C33H40F9NO3S
    9-{6-[(2,2-difluoroethyl){3-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulphonyl]propyl}amino]hexyl}-4-fluoro-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-3-ol
    —— 4-fluoro-9-{6-[(2-fluoroethyl){3-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulphonyl]propyl}amino]hexyl}-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-3-ol 1353007-38-1 C33H41F8NO3S
    4-fluoro-9-{6-[(2-fluoroethyl){3-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulphonyl]propyl}amino]hexyl}-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-3-ol
    —— 4-fluoro-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-9-{6-[{3-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulphonyl]propyl}(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]hexyl}-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-3-ol 1353007-36-9 C33H39F10NO3S
    4-fluoro-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-9-{6-[{3-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulphonyl]propyl}(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]hexyl}-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-3-ol
    —— 3-dimethoxymethyl-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenol 883576-29-2 C10H13FO4
    3-dimethoxymethyl-2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenol
    —— Methyl p-hydroxydithiobenzoate 5969-44-8 C8H8OS2
    Methyl p-hydroxydithiobenzoate
    —— methyl 2-chloro-3-(3-(2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl)phenyl)propanoate 817642-97-0 C18H19ClO4
    methyl 2-chloro-3-(3-(2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl)phenyl)propanoate