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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-ethyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane 89723-36-4 C11H14O3
    2-ethyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane
    —— 2-ethyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxane 1171247-83-8 C12H16O3
    2-ethyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxane
    —— 2<6(-chloropyridazin-3-yl)methyl>phenol 105190-15-6 C11H9ClN2O
    2<6(-chloropyridazin-3-yl)methyl>phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-trimethylsilylphenol 486413-42-7 C10H16O2Si
    2-methoxy-4-trimethylsilylphenol
    —— 4-Methylamino-resorcin 98547-39-8 C7H9NO2
    4-Methylamino-resorcin
    —— 2,4-dihydroxy-N-methyl-N-nitrosoaniline 173043-85-1 C7H8N2O3
    2,4-dihydroxy-N-methyl-N-nitrosoaniline
    —— 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-2H-1,3,5-oxadiazine-4-thione 1216963-34-6 C18H14ClN5O3S
    6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-2H-1,3,5-oxadiazine-4-thione
    —— 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-2H-1,3,5-oxadiazine-4-thione 1216963-41-5 C17H11BrClN5O2S
    2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-2H-1,3,5-oxadiazine-4-thione
    —— sodium phenoxide trihydrate 66923-86-2 C6H5O*3H2O*Na
    sodium phenoxide trihydrate
    —— 2-hydroxyphenyl(phenyl)phosphinic acid 94407-54-2 C12H11O3P
    2-hydroxyphenyl(phenyl)phosphinic acid
    —— 2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol 82276-53-7 C15H22O
    2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-4-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-9,10,-seco-1,3,5(10)-androstatrien-9,17-dion 2394-69-6 C19H24O3
    3-Hydroxy-9,10,-seco-1,3,5(10)-androstatrien-9,17-dion
    —— Tert-butyl 2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 544481-88-1 C18H27NO4
    Tert-butyl 2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 3-iodo-5-methoxyphenol 855839-41-7 C7H7IO2
    3-iodo-5-methoxyphenol
    —— (E)-5-(2-(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)vinyl)benzene-1,3-diol hydrochloride 1352458-05-9 C17H23NO3*ClH
    (E)-5-(2-(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)vinyl)benzene-1,3-diol hydrochloride
    —— 2-Brom-4,5,6-trichlorphenol 13664-62-5 C6H2BrCl3O
    2-Brom-4,5,6-trichlorphenol
    —— N-(2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenamido)ethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide 1411773-00-6 C31H42N2O5
    N-(2-((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenamido)ethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamide
    —— 4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-thiobenzoyl)-morpholine 70733-98-1 C11H13NO4S
    4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-thiobenzoyl)-morpholine
    —— N-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)hydroxylamine 51307-62-1 C7H9NO2
    N-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)hydroxylamine
    —— phenylisoxazoline 207297-09-4 C15H13NO2
    phenylisoxazoline
    —— (S)-1-bromo-4-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)butan-2-yl acetate 955124-69-3 C12H15BrO3
    (S)-1-bromo-4-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)butan-2-yl acetate
    —— 4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzonitrile 161394-71-4 C10H11NO3
    4-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzonitrile
    —— 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-4-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)-phenol 764723-84-4 C19H28O6
    2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)-4-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)-phenol
    —— 2,4-bis-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-5-fluorophenol 121058-39-7 C12H5F13O3
    2,4-bis-(α-hydroxyhexafluoroisopropyl)-5-fluorophenol
    —— 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)but-3-en-2-ol 139436-99-0 C11H14O2
    2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)but-3-en-2-ol
    —— ethyl 3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzeneacetate 96608-67-2 C11H13BrO3
    ethyl 3-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzeneacetate
    —— (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)thioacetomorpholide 83504-95-4 C13H17NO2S
    (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)thioacetomorpholide
    —— (Z)-3-amino-4,4,4-trichloro-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)but-2-en-1-one 288087-80-9 C11H10Cl3NO2
    (Z)-3-amino-4,4,4-trichloro-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)but-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-acetophenoxim 3973-90-8 C9H11NO2
    2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-acetophenoxim
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl) prop-2-en-1-one 51956-77-5 C14H12O2S
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl) prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 4-(tert-butoxy)-2-(tert-butyl)phenol 2467-52-9 C14H22O2
    4-(tert-butoxy)-2-(tert-butyl)phenol
    —— 4-dodecyloxy-2,5-di-t-butylphenol 130442-22-7 C26H46O2
    4-dodecyloxy-2,5-di-t-butylphenol
    —— 4-(hexyloxy)-3,5-dimethoxyphenol 165685-76-7 C14H22O4
    4-(hexyloxy)-3,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 4-[5-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol 1430092-72-0 C15H12N2O3S
    4-[5-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-(3-methoxybutyl)phenol 1338831-50-7 C11H16O2
    4-(3-methoxybutyl)phenol
    —— N-(2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl)-N-methylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester 202811-43-6 C14H21NO3
    N-(2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl)-N-methylcarbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methoxybenzohydrazide 544461-94-1 C16H16N2O4
    N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methoxybenzohydrazide
    —— 4-[5-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol 1430092-71-9 C15H12N2O3S
    4-[5-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-{1-[6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-7-methoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[d][1,3]diazepin-2-one 1231748-53-0 C27H32N6O3
    3-{1-[6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-piperidin-4-yl}-7-methoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[d][1,3]diazepin-2-one
    —— 1-(2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-1,3-dihydro-imidazole-2-thione 95333-62-3 C10H6F4N2OS
    1-(2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-hydroxy-benzyl)-1,3-dihydro-imidazole-2-thione
    —— 2-[Bis[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]acetic acid 58035-76-0 C20H25NO6
    2-[Bis[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]amino]acetic acid
    —— 2-((hydroxy(methyl)amino)methyl)phenol 180265-66-1 C8H11NO2
    2-((hydroxy(methyl)amino)methyl)phenol
    —— 4-Nitrophenyl N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-N-methylcarbamate 309965-27-3 C15H13N3O7
    4-Nitrophenyl N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-N-methylcarbamate
    —— N-methyl-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylamine 35039-53-3 C8H10N2O3
    N-methyl-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylamine
    —— 4-(6-chloro-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-phenol 1231749-64-6 C12H12ClN3O
    4-(6-chloro-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-2,6-dimethyl-phenol
    —— m-Chlor-deuterophenol 65750-22-3 C6H5ClO
    m-Chlor-deuterophenol
    —— 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-1-((1aS,5aR)-1,1,2-trimethyl-1,1a,5,5a-tetrahydro-3-thia-cyclopropa[a]pentalen-4-yl)-propan-1-one 910814-21-0 C21H23ClO3S
    3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-1-((1aS,5aR)-1,1,2-trimethyl-1,1a,5,5a-tetrahydro-3-thia-cyclopropa[a]pentalen-4-yl)-propan-1-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzoic acid-[2]pyridylamide 874500-62-6 C12H9N3O4
    2-hydroxy-4-nitro-benzoic acid-[2]pyridylamide
    —— 2-allyl-5-chloro-4-methoxyphenol 132802-65-4 C10H11ClO2
    2-allyl-5-chloro-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-Methoxy-2-carboxymethylaminomethyl-phenol 91013-17-1 C10H13NO4
    4-Methoxy-2-carboxymethylaminomethyl-phenol