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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-[1-(Dimethoxyphosphorylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-yl]-4-methoxyphenol 1219098-68-6 C13H22NO5P
    2-[1-(Dimethoxyphosphorylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-yl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(4-phenyl-5-trifluoromethyl-thiophen-2-yl)-propan-1-one 917873-20-2 C22H19F3O2S
    3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-1-(4-phenyl-5-trifluoromethyl-thiophen-2-yl)-propan-1-one
    —— <2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylperhydropyran-3-yl>methylamine 142683-82-7 C13H19NO2
    <2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylperhydropyran-3-yl>methylamine
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)acetic acid 367261-75-4 C9H10O3
    2-(3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)acetic acid
    —— 4-[(3-Aminopropylamino)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol 1178285-73-8 C11H18N2O2
    4-[(3-Aminopropylamino)methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chlor-phenol 18211-01-3 C8H9ClO3
    2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chlor-phenol
    —— (S)-2-(1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)phenol 1275593-47-9 C13H13NO
    (S)-2-(1-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl)phenol
    —— 4,5-Diisopropoxy-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 1265221-61-1 C18H29BO5
    4,5-Diisopropoxy-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-benzyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione 1220307-41-4 C17H13NO3
    3-benzyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione
    —— 3-(4-bromo-3-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester 702687-44-3 C11H13BrO3
    3-(4-bromo-3-hydroxy-phenyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester
    —— (2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate 131450-43-6 C13H13NO5
    (2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— (HO)2C6H3-C(H)(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)2 1365833-36-8 C17H20N4O2
    (HO)2C6H3-C(H)(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)2
    —— 3-(5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)phenol 64405-79-4 C8H7N3OS
    3-(5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-(4-phenyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)phenol 1489099-93-5 C16H13BrO2
    4-bromo-2-(4-phenyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 5-acetyl-4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione 301169-98-2 C13H13BrN2O2S
    5-acetyl-4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione
    —— 4-bromo-2-(((5-methylpyridin-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol 918667-03-5 C13H11BrN2O
    4-bromo-2-(((5-methylpyridin-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— tris[2-(5-bromosalicylideneamino)ethyl]amine 142066-85-1 C27H27Br3N4O3
    tris[2-(5-bromosalicylideneamino)ethyl]amine
    —— 5-amino-7-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-8-nitro-3,7-dihydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile 1349736-49-7 C14H11BrN4O3S
    5-amino-7-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-8-nitro-3,7-dihydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile
    —— 9-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-xanthene-1,8(5H,9H)-dione 312515-52-9 C23H25BrO4
    9-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-2H-xanthene-1,8(5H,9H)-dione
    —— (5-hydroxy-2-nitro-phenyl)-acetic acid 141577-22-2 C8H7NO5
    (5-hydroxy-2-nitro-phenyl)-acetic acid
    —— tert-butyl 3-hydroxyphenethyl(isopropyl)carbamate 1446332-95-1 C16H25NO3
    tert-butyl 3-hydroxyphenethyl(isopropyl)carbamate
    —— N-methyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]formamide 293756-94-2 C10H10Br3NO2
    N-methyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]formamide
    —— (3-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester 288580-52-9 C10H11NO5
    (3-hydroxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene-2,5-diol 1382491-03-3 C11H14O2
    6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene-2,5-diol
    —— 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester 186370-90-1 C12H11NO5
    3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester
    —— 3,6-diethyl-N-(1-ethylpropyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazin-2-amine 355835-57-3 C20H29N3O2
    3,6-diethyl-N-(1-ethylpropyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazin-2-amine
    —— 1,5-Bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-pentan 10365-62-5 C17H20O2
    1,5-Bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-pentan
    —— OXY-Isoprenaline 53562-78-0 C12H19NO4
    OXY-Isoprenaline
    —— 1-[3-(furan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone 685132-35-8 C15H14N2O3
    1-[3-(furan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone
    —— 3,3'-(selenine-2,5-diyl)diphenol 1078733-92-2 C16H12O2Se
    3,3'-(selenine-2,5-diyl)diphenol
    —— 2-bromosyringaldehyde 137214-61-0 C9H9BrO4
    2-bromosyringaldehyde
    —— 6-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-hexanoic acid 95301-42-1 C12H16O4
    6-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-hexanoic acid
    —— ethyl 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate 66761-55-5 C10H12O4
    ethyl 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 3,5-Dibrom-4-aethyl-phenol 115281-01-1 C8H8Br2O
    3,5-Dibrom-4-aethyl-phenol
    —— 2,6-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)-hemellitenol 103564-88-1 C11H16O3
    2,6-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)-hemellitenol
    —— calicheamicin pseudoaglycon 108212-77-7 C40H47IN2O15S4
    calicheamicin pseudoaglycon
    —— 2-hexadecyl-hydroquinone 4595-26-0 C22H38O2
    2-hexadecyl-hydroquinone
    —— 3-(5,5-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)phenol 863408-22-4 C12H16O3
    3-(5,5-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-n-Hexadecyl-4-methoxy-phenol 148666-00-6 C23H40O2
    2-n-Hexadecyl-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— N-Chloracetyl-3,5-dihydroxy-benzylamin 53389-74-5 C9H10ClNO3
    N-Chloracetyl-3,5-dihydroxy-benzylamin
    —— 4-methoxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenethyl alcohol 858855-72-8 C11H16O2
    4-methoxy-2,5-dimethyl-phenethyl alcohol
    —— (2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-[1,4]benzoquinone 3286-05-3 C12H8O4
    (2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-[1,4]benzoquinone
    —— N-benzyl-β-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine 1523248-30-7 C16H19NO2
    N-benzyl-β-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine
    —— 5-azido-2-methoxyphenol 876012-81-6 C7H7N3O2
    5-azido-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-(cyclopropyl(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione 1073545-86-4 C16H18O5
    5-(cyclopropyl(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione
    —— N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethyl)-2-phenylacetamide 118822-54-1 C17H19NO3
    N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethyl)-2-phenylacetamide
    —— 4-(2-(bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino)ethylaminomethyl)1,2-benzenediol 851510-32-2 C21H24N4O2
    4-(2-(bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino)ethylaminomethyl)1,2-benzenediol
    —— 4-[(4-Methylphenyl)iminomethyl]benzene-1,2-diol 304456-11-9 C14H13NO2
    4-[(4-Methylphenyl)iminomethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide 1395084-64-6 C18H21NO4
    2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)butanal 1005008-17-2 C10H12O3
    4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)butanal