酚类
酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。
结构与分类酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：
- 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
- 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
- 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
- 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
- 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
- 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
- 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
- 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
酚类可以通过多种途径制备：
- 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
- 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。
以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3-(2,4-dihydroxybenzyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | —— | C11H12O4 |
|
| —— | 1,1',1",1‴-((1<sup>4</sup>,1<sup>6</sup>,3<sup>4</sup>,3<sup>6</sup>,5<sup>4</sup>,5<sup>6</sup>,7<sup>4</sup>,7<sup>6</sup>-octahydroxy-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-2,4,6,8-tetrayl)tetrakis(propane-3,1-diyl))tetraurea | —— | C44H56N8O12 |
|
| —— | 4-(3-hydroxytetrahydropyran-3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol | —— | C11H14O4 |
|
| —— | (2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-dimethyl-ammonium; dichloro phosphate | —— | C9H12NO2*Cl2O2P |
|
| —— | 1,1',1",1‴-((1<sup>4</sup>,1<sup>6</sup>,3<sup>4</sup>,3<sup>6</sup>,5<sup>4</sup>,5<sup>6</sup>,7<sup>4</sup>,7<sup>6</sup>-octahydroxy-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-2,4,6,8-tetrayl)tetrakis(propane-3,1-diyl))tetrakis(3-phenylurea) | —— | C68H72N8O12 |
|
| —— | (2S,5S)-2,5-bis<(p-hydroxyphenyl)methyl>piperazine | —— | C18H22N2O2 |
|
| —— | cyclo-[Val-ψ(triazole)-Pro-Tyr-ψ(triazole)-Pro] | —— | C26H32N8O3 |
|
| —— | 2-chloro-N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide | —— | C9H10ClNO3 |
|
| —— | 2-methyl-4-perfluorooctylphenol | —— | C15H7F17O |
|
| —— | 4-bromo-2-perfluorooctylphenol | —— | C14H4BrF17O |
|
| —— | 2,4-bis(perfluorooctyl)phenol | —— | C22H4F34O |
|
| —— | 4-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol | —— | C17H16N2O4 |
|
| —— | 4-<(Phenyl)(phenylmethoxy)methoxy>phenol | —— | C20H18O3 |
|
| —— | ethyl 3-[3-ethoxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]propionate | —— | C18H24N2O5 |
|
| —— | (S)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-N-((S)-1-phenylethyl)ethanaminium iodide | 1412902-91-0 | C18H24NO*I |
|
| —— | 5-ethoxy-2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde | —— | C9H10O4 |
|
| —— | 2-Methoxy-6-(1-methyl-allyl)-phenol | —— | C11H14O2 |
|
| —— | 2-(diethylaminomethyl)-6-methoxyphenol | —— | C12H19NO2 |
|
| —— | Methyl 4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-1-piperazinecarbodithioate | —— | C14H20N2O2S2 |
|
| —— | o-methoxyphenol-d4 | —— | C7H8O2 |
|
| —— | 4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(methylamino)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol | —— | C10H12F3NO2 |
|
| —— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-α-oxobenzeneacetic acid ethyl ester | —— | C11H12O5 |
|
| —— | 4-methoxy-2-(triethylsilylethynyl)phenol | —— | C15H22O2Si |
|
| —— | sodium hydroxy(2-hydroxyphenyl)methane sulfonate salt | —— | C7H7O5S*Na |
|
| —— | ethyl 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyri-midine-5-carboxylate | —— | C15H18N2O4S |
|
| —— | vanillin isopropyl ether | —— | C6H14O*C8H8O3 |
|
| —— | 4,4'-[(1E,1'E)-hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methanylylidene)]bis(2-methoxyphenol) | —— | C16H16N2O4 |
|
| —— | 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid [1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide | —— | C16H18N4O3 |
|
| —— | 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde-O-ethyloxime | —— | C10H13NO3 |
|
| —— | (2E,5E)-2-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclopentan-1-one | —— | C21H20O5 |
|
| —— | N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxopyrimidine-5-carboxamide | —— | C20H18N4O3S2 |
|
| —— | (3Z,5E)-4-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexa-3,5-dien-2-one | —— | C13H14O4 |
|
| —— | (E)-5-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol | —— | C14H12N4O6 |
|
| —— | 1-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenemethylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione | —— | C18H13BrN2O5 |
|
| —— | 4-((1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-thio)methyl)-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide | —— | C23H20N4O3S |
|
| —— | diethyl [(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(phenylamino)methyl]phosphonate | —— | C18H24NO5P |
|
| —— | (Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-iminothiazolidin-4-one | —— | C11H10N2O3S |
|
| —— | (E)-2-methoxy-5-(2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfinyl)vinyl)phenol | —— | C18H20O6S |
|
| —— | (E)-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzohydrazide | —— | C22H17N3O3S |
|
| —— | (E)-N′-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-phenoxyacetohydrazide | —— | C16H16N2O4 |
|
| —— | (E)-2-methoxy-5-(2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfinyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol | —— | C19H22O6S |
|
| —— | N-cyclohexyl-2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazine-1-carbothioamide | —— | C15H21N3O2S |
|
| —— | (E)-5-(2-fluoro-2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl)vinyl)-2-methoxyphenol | —— | C18H19FO7S |
|
| —— | ethyl 4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate | —— | C15H18N2O5 |
|
| —— | (Z)-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one | —— | C11H9NO3S2 |
|
| —— | 2-methoxy-5-(1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)phenol | —— | C22H21N3O5 |
|
| —— | 2-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide | —— | C12H15N3O2S |
|
| —— | 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)acetonitrile | —— | C13H16N2O2 |
|
| —— | 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one | —— | C17H16N2O3S |
|
| —— | (E)-N'-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanecarbohydrazide | —— | C15H20N2O3 |
|
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
- 64
- 65
- 66
- 67
- 68
- 69
- 70
- 71
- 72
- 73
- 74
- 75
- 76
- 77
- 78
- 79
- 80
- 81
- 82
- 83
- 84
- 85
- 86
- 87
- 88
- 89
- 90
- 91
- 92
- 93
- 94
- 95
- 96
- 97
- 98
- 99
- 100
- 101
- 102
- 103
- 104
- 105
- 106
- 107
- 108
- 109
- 110
- 111
- 112
- 113
- 114
- 115
- 116
- 117
- 118
- 119
- 120
- 121
- 122
- 123
- 124
- 125
- 126
- 127
- 128
- 129
- 130
- 131
- 132
- 133
- 134
- 135
- 136
- 137
- 138
- 139
- 140
- 141
- 142
- 143
- 144
- 145
- 146
- 147
- 148
- 149
- 150
- 151
- 152
- 153
- 154
- 155
- 156
- 157
- 158
- 159
- 160
- 161
- 162
- 163
- 164
- 165
- 166
- 167
- 168
- 169
- 170
- 171
- 172
- 173
- 174
- 175
- 176
- 177
- 178
- 179
- 180
- 181
- 182
- 183
- 184
- 185
- 186
- 187
- 188
- 189
- 190
- 191
- 192
- 193
- 194
- 195
- 196
- 197
- 198
- 199
- 200
- 201
- 202
- 203
- 204
- 205
- 206
- 207
- 208
- 209
- 210
- 211
- 212
- 213
- 214
- 215
- 216
- 217
- 218
- 219
- 220
- 221
- 222
- 223
- 224
- 225
- 226
- 227
- 228
- 229
- 230
- 231
- 232
- 233
- 234
- 235
- 236
- 237
- 238
- 239
- 240
- 241
- 242
- 243
- 244
- 245
- 246
- 247
- 248
- 249
- 250
- 251
- 252
- 253
- 254
- 255
- 256
- 257
- 258
- 259
- 260
- 261
- 262
- 263
- 264
- 265
- 266
- 267
- 268
- 269
- 270
- 271
- 272
- 273
- 274
- 275
- 276
- 277
- 278
- 279
- 280
- 281
- 282
- 283
- 284
- 285
- 286
- 287
- 288
- 289
- 290
- 291
- 292
- 293
- 294
- 295
- 296
- 297
- 298
- 299
- 300
联系我们
关注我们
公众号
