有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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3,9-二氯-2,4,8,10-四氧杂-3,9-二磷杂螺[5.5]十一烷3,9-二氧化物 | 3,9-dichloro-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-dioxide | 714-87-4 | C5H8Cl2O6P2 |
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3,9-二氮杂螺[5.5]十一烷-3-羧酸-1,1-二甲基乙酯盐酸盐 | tert-butyl 3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-3-carboxylate hydrochloride | 236406-47-6 | C14H26N2O2*ClH |
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3,9-二氮杂螺[5.5]-2-十一酮 | 3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undeca-2-one | 867006-20-0 | C9H16N2O |
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3,9-二乙烯基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷 | 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane | 78-19-3 | C11H16O4 |
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3,9-二乙基-3',9'-二羟甲基-1,5,7,11-四氧杂螺环[5,5]十一烷 | 3,9-diethyl-3,9-dihydroxymethyl-1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecane | 65282-19-1 | C13H24O6 |
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3,9-二-2-呋喃基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷 | Difurfurylidenpentaerythrit | 5115-25-3 | C15H16O6 |
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3,9-二(2,4-二枯基苯氧基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂-3,9-二磷杂螺[5.5]十一烷 | bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite | 154862-43-8 | C53H58O6P2 |
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3,9'-联咔唑 | 9-(9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazole | 18628-07-4 | C24H16N2 |
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3,8-二溴-1,10-菲罗啉-5,6-二酮 | 3,8-dibromo-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione | 602331-25-9 | C12H4Br2N2O2 |
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3,8-二氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷二盐酸盐 | 3,8-Diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane dihydrochloride | 90673-35-1 | C6H14Cl2N2 |
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3,8-二氨基-6-苯基菲啶 | 3,8-diamino-6-phenylphenanthridine | 52009-64-0 | C19H15N3 |
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3,7-二酮-5Β-胆甾烷-24-酸 | 3,7-diketocholanic acid | 859-97-2 | C24H36O4 |
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3,7-二甲基辛酸 | 3,7-dimethyloctanoic acid | 5698-27-1 | C10H20O2 |
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3,7-二甲基辛基溴化镁 | Magnesium;2,6-dimethyloctane;bromide | 114499-45-5 | C10H21BrMg |
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3,7-二甲基-辛醛 | 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanal | 5988-91-0 | C10H20O |
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3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯-2-醇2-乙酸酯 | 3,7-Dimethyloct-6-en-2-yl acetate | 15103-31-8 | C12H22O2 |
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3,7-二甲基-2-亚甲-6-辛烯醛 | 3,7-dimethyl-2-methyleneoct-6-enal | 22418-66-2 | C11H18O |
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3,7-二溴二苯并[b,d]噻吩 | 3,7-dibromodibenzo[b,d]thiophene | 83834-10-0 | C12H6Br2S |
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3,7-二溴-1,5-萘啶 | 3,7-dibromo-1,5-naphthyridine | 17965-72-9 | C8H4Br2N2 |
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3,7-二氨基二苯并[B,D]噻吩-5,5-二氧化物 | 3,7-dibenzothiophenediamine, 5,5-dioxide | 6259-19-4 | C12H10N2O2S |
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3,7,11,15-四甲基-2,4,6,10,14-十六碳五烯酸 | peretinoin | 81485-25-8 | C20H30O2 |
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3,6-辛二酮 | octane-3,6-dione | 2955-65-9 | C8H14O2 |
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3,6-硫代蒽二胺 | 3,6-diamino-thioxanthene-10,10-dioxide | 10215-25-5 | C13H12N2O2S |
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3,6-咔唑二羧酸 | 9H-carbazole-3,6-dicarboxylic acid | 3215-41-6 | C14H9NO4 |
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3,6-双(甲硫基)-1,2,4,5-四嗪 | 3,6-dimethylthio-1,2,4,5-tetrazine | 1672-34-0 | C4H6N4S2 |
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3,6-双(9-苯基咔唑-3-基)咔唑 | 3,6-bis(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)carbazole | 1060735-19-4 | C48H31N3 |
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3,6-二苯基咔唑 | 3,6-diphenylcarbazole | 56525-79-2 | C24H17N |
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3,6-二苯基-2,5-二氢吡咯并[3,4-c]吡咯-1,4-二酮 | 3,6-diphenyl-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-(2H,5H)-dione | 54660-00-3 | C18H12N2O2 |
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3,6-二苯基-1,4-二氢-1,2,4,5-四嗪 | 3,6-diphenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine | 14478-73-0 | C14H12N4 |
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3,6-二羟基-4-氯哒嗪 | Chlormaleinsaeurehydrazid | 5397-64-8 | C4H3ClN2O2 |
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3,6-二碘咔唑 | 3,6-diiodocarbazole | 57103-02-3 | C12H7I2N |
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3,6-二碘代-N-苯基咔唑 | 3,6-diiodo-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole | 57103-21-6 | C18H11I2N |
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3,6-二甲基-9H-咔唑 | 3,6-Dimethyl-9H-carbazole | 5599-50-8 | C14H13N |
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3,6-二甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醛 | 3,6-ivy carbaldehyde | 67801-65-4 | C9H14O |
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3,6-二甲基-1,4-二氧杂环己烷-2,5-二酮 | D,L-lactide | 95-96-5 | C6H8O4 |
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3,6-二溴菲醌 | 3,6-dibromo-phenanthrene-9,10-dione | 53348-05-3 | C14H6Br2O2 |
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3,6-二溴苯-1,2,4,5-四羧酸 | 3,6-dibromobenzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid | 41819-13-0 | C10H4Br2O8 |
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3,6-二溴色酮 | 3,6-dibromo-4H-chromen-4-one | 115237-39-3 | C9H4Br2O2 |
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3,6-二溴四甲苯 | 1,4-dibromodurene | 1646-54-4 | C10H12Br2 |
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3,6-二溴咔唑 | 1,8-dibromo-3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazole | 625385-37-7 | C20H23Br2N |
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3,6-二溴9-己基-9H-咔唑 | 3,6-dibromo-9-hexyl-9H-carbazole | 150623-72-6 | C18H19Br2N |
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3,6-二溴-9H-占吨-9-酮 | 2,7-dibromo-9H-xanthen-9-one | 40102-85-0 | C13H6Br2O2 |
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3,6-二溴-9-芴酮 | 3,6-dibromofluoren-9-one | 216312-73-1 | C13H6Br2O |
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3,6-二溴-9-庚基-9H-咔唑 | N-heptyl-3,6-dibromocarbazole | 1103535-99-4 | C19H21Br2N |
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3,6-二溴-9-(4-叔丁基苯基)-9h-咔唑 | 3,6-dibromo-9-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole | 741293-42-5 | C22H19Br2N |
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3,6-二溴-9-(2-乙基己基)-9h-咔唑 | 3,6-dibromo-9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole | 173063-52-0 | C20H23Br2N |
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3,6-二溴-4-氟苯-1,2-二胺 | 3,6-dibromo-4-fluorobenzene-1,2-diamine | 1347736-83-7 | C6H5Br2FN2 |
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3,6-二溴-4,5-二氟苯-1,2-二胺 | 3,6-dibromo-4,5-difluorobenzene-1,2-diamine | 1345627-73-7 | C6H4Br2F2N2 |
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3,6-二溴-2-氟代苯甲醛 | 3,6-dibromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde | 870703-68-7 | C7H3Br2FO |
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3,6-二溴-1,2-苯二胺 | 1,2-diamine-3,6-dibromobenzene | 69272-50-0 | C6H6Br2N2 |
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