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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— mono ether of 5-n-butylresorcinol 88640-67-9 C11H16O2
    mono ether of 5-n-butylresorcinol
    —— 3-{[(1S,2S,4aS,8aR)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methyl}-5-methylphenol 1619982-91-0 C22H34O2
    3-{[(1S,2S,4aS,8aR)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-decahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methyl}-5-methylphenol
    —— (1S,2S,4aS,8aR)-1-[(3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-5,5,8a-trimethyldecahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid 1619982-93-2 C22H32O3
    (1S,2S,4aS,8aR)-1-[(3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-5,5,8a-trimethyldecahydronaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (4-oxo-5-phenyl-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-hydrazone 97723-06-3 C16H13N3O2S
    2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (4-oxo-5-phenyl-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)-hydrazone
    —— methyl 4-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)-1-piperazinecarbodithioate 125155-75-1 C15H22N2O3S2
    methyl 4-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)-1-piperazinecarbodithioate
    —— 3,5-Dihydroxyphenylphosphonic Acid 1307282-67-2 C6H7O5P
    3,5-Dihydroxyphenylphosphonic Acid
    —— β-resorcylaldazine 23452-50-8 C14H12N2O4
    β-resorcylaldazine
    —— 3-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-4,4,5,5-tetrafluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)cyclopent-2-enone 1607796-31-5 C19H16F4O2S
    3-(2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-4,4,5,5-tetrafluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)cyclopent-2-enone
    —— ethyl 2-amino-4-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-6-(3'-hydroxy-5'-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate 1063714-33-9 C23H25NO7
    ethyl 2-amino-4-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-6-(3'-hydroxy-5'-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate
    —— (S)-(+)-4-(1-Methylheptyl)phenol 103481-63-6 C14H22O
    (S)-(+)-4-(1-Methylheptyl)phenol
    —— (S)-(+)-2-(1-Methylheptyl)phenol 135628-86-3 C14H22O
    (S)-(+)-2-(1-Methylheptyl)phenol
    —— 3-{[(1S,4aS,8aS)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methoxy}-5-methoxyphenol 1619984-00-7 C22H32O3
    3-{[(1S,4aS,8aS)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methoxy}-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid 149029-89-0 C8H7FO3
    2-(2-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid 174146-47-5 C14H19NO7
    (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— 2-(2-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid 1213229-25-4 C8H7FO3
    2-(2-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)acetic acid 1261616-79-8 C9H10O3
    2-(3-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)acetic acid
    —— 5-methoxy-3-<(8'Z,11'Z)-pentadeca-8',11',14'-trienyl>benzene-1,2,4-triol 105018-77-7 C22H32O4
    5-methoxy-3-<(8'Z,11'Z)-pentadeca-8',11',14'-trienyl>benzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— N,N'-Bis(t-butoxycarbonyl)-N"-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)propylguanidine 193282-98-3 C20H31N3O5
    N,N'-Bis(t-butoxycarbonyl)-N"-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)propylguanidine
    —— methyl 2-(3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate 65784-34-1 C10H11NO5
    methyl 2-(3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate
    —— 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dimethoxy-phenol 860442-08-6 C8H8Cl2O3
    2,5-dichloro-3,6-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 3,6-dichloro-benzene-1,2,4-triol 149312-96-9 C6H4Cl2O3
    3,6-dichloro-benzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxyphenylethylidenebenzylamine 82488-62-8 C15H15NO2
    2,4-Dihydroxyphenylethylidenebenzylamine
    —— (2R)-N-Cyclopropyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propanamide 496865-97-5 C12H15NO3
    (2R)-N-Cyclopropyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propanamide
    —— 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(furan-2-yl)propenone 1356850-08-2 C13H10O4
    1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(furan-2-yl)propenone
    —— 3,4,5-tribromophenol 116434-90-3 C6H3Br3O
    3,4,5-tribromophenol
    —— 4-[(1S)-1-Hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,3-diol 669088-57-7 C8H10O3
    4-[(1S)-1-Hydroxyethyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 1345959-97-8 C13H10O4
    (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-iodo-4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenol 405517-54-6 C7H4F3IO2
    2-iodo-4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenol
    —— 1-[3-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-5-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-ethanone 686717-90-8 C18H18N2O4
    1-[3-(2,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-5-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-ethanone
    —— 1,3-Benzenediol, 4-(1-((3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)imino)ethyl)- 1313999-39-1 C14H17N3O2
    1,3-Benzenediol, 4-(1-((3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)imino)ethyl)-
    —— 2,5-dimethyl-1,3,4-trihydroxybenzene 4380-95-4 C8H10O3
    2,5-dimethyl-1,3,4-trihydroxybenzene
    —— 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethanol 50597-26-7 C9H9Cl3O3
    2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethanol
    —— 2,4,5,6-tetramethyl-resorcinol 139054-54-9 C10H14O2
    2,4,5,6-tetramethyl-resorcinol
    —— 5-hydroxy-3-methylorcinaldehyde 858489-50-6 C9H10O4
    5-hydroxy-3-methylorcinaldehyde
    —— 4-chloro-2-(5-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol 1346653-06-2 C20H16ClN3O
    4-chloro-2-(5-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(2-amino-6<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]thiadiazin-5-yl)-benzene-1,4-diol 60912-86-9 C9H9N3O2S
    2-(2-amino-6<i>H</i>-[1,3,4]thiadiazin-5-yl)-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— Carbamic acid, [(5-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(methylene)]bis[[2-[[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]amino]ethyl]-, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester 289910-01-6 C32H54N4O9
    Carbamic acid, [(5-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(methylene)]bis[[2-[[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]amino]ethyl]-, bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester
    —— 4-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-benzene-1,2,3-triol 20217-18-9 C9H8N2O3S
    4-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 4-(2-hydrazino-thiazol-4-yl)-benzene-1,2,3-triol 23251-23-2 C9H9N3O3S
    4-(2-hydrazino-thiazol-4-yl)-benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-benzaldehyde-oxime 855265-31-5 C9H11NO2
    4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-benzaldehyde-oxime
    —— 2-methylthio-3,5-dimethylphenol 25674-57-1 C9H12OS
    2-methylthio-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 2,6-dibromo-3,5-dimethylphenol 83385-86-8 C8H8Br2O
    2,6-dibromo-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 1-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-methylimidazol-4-yl)propan-1-one —— C22H31N3O4
    1-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-methylimidazol-4-yl)propan-1-one
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]butyl]propanamide 1450833-24-5 C19H30N2O6
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]butyl]propanamide
    —— 2-[(E)-[(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)imino]methyl]phenol 1396756-29-8 C14H20N2O2
    2-[(E)-[(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)imino]methyl]phenol
    —— 3,6-dimethoxy-4,5-dichlorocatechol 109765-61-9 C8H8Cl2O4
    3,6-dimethoxy-4,5-dichlorocatechol
    —— 3-hydroxy-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)octanamide 1331858-67-3 C16H25NO4
    3-hydroxy-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)octanamide
    —— 4-bromo-3,6-dimethoxycatechol 109765-62-0 C8H9BrO4
    4-bromo-3,6-dimethoxycatechol
    —— 4-bromo-3,6-dimethoxysalicylaldehyde 65162-35-8 C9H9BrO4
    4-bromo-3,6-dimethoxysalicylaldehyde
    —— 2-methoxy-4-tert-butylcatechol 74752-72-0 C11H16O3
    2-methoxy-4-tert-butylcatechol