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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-[(4-Tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-3-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]thiourea 1391847-98-5 C21H28N2O2S
    1-[(4-Tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-3-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]thiourea
    —— N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methyl-1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxamide 1216851-85-2 C14H19NO3S2
    N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methyl-1,2-dithiolane-4-carboxamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-nitroaniline diazonium salt 24726-35-0 C6H4N3O3
    2-hydroxy-4-nitroaniline diazonium salt
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenylhydrazo)pentane-2,4-dione 658080-19-4 C11H10N4O7
    3-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenylhydrazo)pentane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyloxy)-2,6-diiodo-5-methoxyphenol 139220-60-3 C10H11I2NO4
    3-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyloxy)-2,6-diiodo-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,4,6-tri(phenylmethyloxy)phenol 22132-85-0 C27H24O4
    2,4,6-tri(phenylmethyloxy)phenol
    —— Methyl 11-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)undecanoate 1150586-39-2 C18H28O5
    Methyl 11-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)undecanoate
    —— 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(dimethylaminomethyl)thiacyclohexan-4-ol 119558-20-2 C14H21NO2S
    4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(dimethylaminomethyl)thiacyclohexan-4-ol
    —— 3-(2-(2,4-dioxopentan-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid 1221900-45-3 C11H11N3O8S
    3-(2-(2,4-dioxopentan-3-ylidene)hydrazinyl)-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
    —— (+/-)-1-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenethyl)-5-ethyl-2-piperidone 89680-97-7 C17H25NO4
    (+/-)-1-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenethyl)-5-ethyl-2-piperidone
    —— (+/-)-1-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenethyl)-3-ethyl-2-piperidone 109741-73-3 C17H25NO4
    (+/-)-1-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenethyl)-3-ethyl-2-piperidone
    —— methyl (6-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetate 628330-49-4 C10H12O4
    methyl (6-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 3,6-Dimethoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenol 411232-95-6 C13H18O3
    3,6-Dimethoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-methyl-3-nitrophenol 219312-11-5 C7H6ClNO3
    4-chloro-2-methyl-3-nitrophenol
    —— tert-butyl (R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine-3-carboxylate 143674-61-7 C16H23NO4
    tert-butyl (R)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine-3-carboxylate
    —— 8-(p-hydroxyphenyl)octyl bromide 95962-76-8 C14H21BrO
    8-(p-hydroxyphenyl)octyl bromide
    —— 5-(benzyloxy)-4-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde 775335-97-2 C14H11BrO3
    5-(benzyloxy)-4-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-<N-<1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl>amino>acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal hydrochloride 92366-89-7 C12H19NO4*ClH
    2-<N-<1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl>amino>acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal hydrochloride
    —— Diethyl [(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]propanedioate 124389-55-5 C14H17ClO5
    Diethyl [(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]propanedioate
    —— pyridine-2-carboxylic acid [(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide 305339-15-5 C14H13N3O3
    pyridine-2-carboxylic acid [(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide
    —— N-[(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]pyridine-2-carboxamide 341981-65-5 C13H10N4O4
    N-[(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)methylideneamino]pyridine-2-carboxamide
    —— 6,8,9-trichloro-7-hydroxy-2-(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[f][1,3,4]-oxadiazepin-5-(4H)-one 1217805-81-6 C13H6Cl3N3O3
    6,8,9-trichloro-7-hydroxy-2-(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[f][1,3,4]-oxadiazepin-5-(4H)-one
    —— 4-Methoxy-2-octyl-phenol 19368-92-4 C15H24O2
    4-Methoxy-2-octyl-phenol
    —— 2-butyl-phloroglucinol 96756-18-2 C10H14O3
    2-butyl-phloroglucinol
    —— 2-octylbenzene-1,3,5-triol 85292-81-5 C14H22O3
    2-octylbenzene-1,3,5-triol
    —— 2-pentyl-phloroglucinol 66711-54-4 C11H16O3
    2-pentyl-phloroglucinol
    —— 4-methoxy-3-(3-methoxypropoxy)phenol 960216-36-8 C11H16O4
    4-methoxy-3-(3-methoxypropoxy)phenol
    —— 5,11,17,23-Tetrabenzyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene 139934-43-3 C56H48O4
    5,11,17,23-Tetrabenzyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene
    —— 5,11,17,23-tetrakis(dihydroxyphosphonoyl)methyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene 124006-40-2 C32H36O16P4
    5,11,17,23-tetrakis(dihydroxyphosphonoyl)methyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene
    —— benzene-1,3,5-triol; deprotonated form 20208-84-8 C6H5O3
    benzene-1,3,5-triol; deprotonated form
    —— methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexanoate 1356601-60-9 C13H18O3
    methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexanoate
    —— 2-[[Tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde 388570-73-8 C25H28O4Si
    2-[[Tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-4-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— (R)-methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hex-4-ynoate 929713-77-9 C13H14O3
    (R)-methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hex-4-ynoate
    —— eucomic acid dimethyl ester 60449-49-2 C13H16O6
    eucomic acid dimethyl ester
    —— 3-n-Octyl-5-(4-hydroxy-benzyliden)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-thion 93959-18-3 C18H23NO2S2
    3-n-Octyl-5-(4-hydroxy-benzyliden)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-thion
    —— (Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one 1401235-18-4 C12H11NO4S2
    (Z)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one
    —— (+/-)-3-(1-hydroxy-2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-phenol 93202-79-0 C10H15NO2
    (+/-)-3-(1-hydroxy-2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-phenol
    —— trimethylamine picrate 7468-01-1 C3H9N*C6H3N3O7
    trimethylamine picrate
    —— (+/-)-4-Hydroxy-1-(1-methyl-heptadecyl)-benzol 88928-35-2 C24H42O
    (+/-)-4-Hydroxy-1-(1-methyl-heptadecyl)-benzol
    —— 1-(Cyclohex-2-en-1-on-4-yl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethane 129579-59-5 C14H16O2
    1-(Cyclohex-2-en-1-on-4-yl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethane
    —— (Z)-4-thioxo-5-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzylidene)thiazolidin-2-one 1401235-09-3 C10H7NO4S2
    (Z)-4-thioxo-5-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzylidene)thiazolidin-2-one
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-4-thioxo-thiazolidin-2-one 16878-95-8 C11H9NO3S2
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-4-thioxo-thiazolidin-2-one
    —— 5-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-2-one 1171047-12-3 C10H7NO3S2
    5-[(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-2-one
    —— 4-[5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2(5H)-one 1149372-34-8 C18H15N3O2S
    4-[5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2(5H)-one
    —— (Z)-5-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one 1401235-12-8 C10H7NO2S2
    (Z)-5-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one
    —— (Z)-5-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4-thioxo-thiazolidine-2-one 1365266-80-3 C10H7NO3S2
    (Z)-5-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4-thioxo-thiazolidine-2-one
    —— 2,5-Dinitro-vanillin 2698-73-9 C8H6N2O7
    2,5-Dinitro-vanillin
    —— 2-[2-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylbenzylideneamino]-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol 1610459-14-7 C13H19NO4
    2-[2-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylbenzylideneamino]-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol
    —— (Z)-5-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one 1401235-05-9 C10H7NO3S2
    (Z)-5-(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one
    —— (Z)-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one 1401235-14-0 C10H7NO2S2
    (Z)-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-thioxothiazolidin-2-one