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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-isohexyl-resorcinol 860504-71-8 C12H18O2
    5-isohexyl-resorcinol
    —— (2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide —— C14H12N2O4
    (2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide
    —— 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-5-(7-bromoheptyl)benzene 219630-94-1 C14H21BrO2
    1,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-5-(7-bromoheptyl)benzene
    —— 1-(3,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)-16-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-Z-hexadecene 219630-90-7 C30H42O6
    1-(3,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)-16-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-Z-hexadecene
    —— 1-(3,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)-16-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-8-Z-hexadecene 219630-97-4 C31H44O6
    1-(3,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinon-2-yl)-16-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-8-Z-hexadecene
    —— ardisiaquinone E 99621-87-1 C29H40O6
    ardisiaquinone E
    —— 1-bromo-7-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)heptane 219630-86-1 C13H19BrO2
    1-bromo-7-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)heptane
    —— 6-[(furan-2-ylmethylamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 76152-10-8 C12H11NO2
    6-[(furan-2-ylmethylamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— malon-di-<(p-hydroxy)benzylidene amino>amide 92514-61-9 C17H16N4O4
    malon-di-<(p-hydroxy)benzylidene amino>amide
    —— 4-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-butyric acid 588-25-0 C10H11FO3
    4-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-butyric acid
    —— 3,5-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrophenol 99584-19-7 C8H8N2O5
    3,5-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrophenol
    —— 4-[(2,4-Diamino-6-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 73576-45-1 C16H22N4O3
    4-[(2,4-Diamino-6-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 55380-55-7 C21H30O3
    —— 3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazo]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one 326884-73-5 C16H13N3O3
    3-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazo]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one
    —— ethyl(4,5-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 76322-30-0 C12H16O5
    ethyl(4,5-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 5-[4-(1,2-cis-hexen-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]resorcinol 1605281-06-8 C17H24O3
    5-[4-(1,2-cis-hexen-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]resorcinol
    —— 4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile 1605281-02-4 C12H13NO3
    4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile
    —— 3-dimethylamino-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 187877-87-8 C13H17NO4
    3-dimethylamino-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-N-(2-sulfanylethyl)propanamide 1356929-90-2 C11H12BrNO3S
    3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-N-(2-sulfanylethyl)propanamide
    —— (2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-[2-[[(2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinylidenepropanoyl]amino]ethyldisulfanyl]ethyl]-2-hydrazinylidenepropanamide 1356929-94-6 C22H26Br2N6O4S2
    (2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-[2-[[(2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazinylidenepropanoyl]amino]ethyldisulfanyl]ethyl]-2-hydrazinylidenepropanamide
    —— (2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[3-[2-[[(2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyiminopropanoyl]amino]ethylsulfanyl]propyl]-2-hydroxyiminopropanamide 1356930-33-0 C23H26Br2N4O6S
    (2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[3-[2-[[(2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyiminopropanoyl]amino]ethylsulfanyl]propyl]-2-hydroxyiminopropanamide
    —— (2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-(2-sulfanylethyl)propanamide 1356929-84-4 C12H15BrN2O3S
    (2E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-(2-sulfanylethyl)propanamide
    —— (E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazono-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)propanamide 1356929-92-4 C12H16BrN3O2S
    (E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydrazono-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)propanamide
    —— (R)-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid methyl ester 866087-54-9 C10H10Br2O4
    (R)-3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— 3,6-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrobenzocyclobutene 77627-60-2 C8H8O2
    3,6-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrobenzocyclobutene
    —— 2-[4-hydroxy-3-pentylphenyl]acetic acid 1254646-35-9 C13H18O3
    2-[4-hydroxy-3-pentylphenyl]acetic acid
    —— (5R)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1',3',7-trimethyl-3,3a,5,6-tetrahydro-2H,2'H-spiro[1-benzothiophene-4,5'-pyrimidine]-2',4',6'(1'H,3'H)-trione 1,1-dioxide 1185843-41-7 C21H24N2O7S
    (5R)-5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1',3',7-trimethyl-3,3a,5,6-tetrahydro-2H,2'H-spiro[1-benzothiophene-4,5'-pyrimidine]-2',4',6'(1'H,3'H)-trione 1,1-dioxide
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-nitroacetanilide 712-34-5 C8H8N2O4
    3-hydroxy-4-nitroacetanilide
    —— (4-chloro-2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)boronic acid 1207961-50-9 C7H8BClO3
    (4-chloro-2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)boronic acid
    —— 1-chloro-3-<4-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl>phenoxypropan-2-ol 169613-99-4 C15H21ClO3
    1-chloro-3-<4-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl>phenoxypropan-2-ol
    —— [(2S)-1-chloro-3-[4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]propan-2-yl] acetate 169614-01-1 C17H23ClO4
    [(2S)-1-chloro-3-[4-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)ethyl]phenoxy]propan-2-yl] acetate
    —— 11b-benzyl-9-hydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,11b-hexahydro-dibenzo[a,c]cyclohepten-3-one 1400924-57-3 C22H22O2
    11b-benzyl-9-hydroxy-1,2,5,6,7,11b-hexahydro-dibenzo[a,c]cyclohepten-3-one
    —— 3-(4,5-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrrol-2-yl)-phenol 102236-69-1 C10H11NO
    3-(4,5-dihydro-3<i>H</i>-pyrrol-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 4-[[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2-[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)ethynyl]-6-methoxyphenol 343309-53-5 C22H34O4Si
    4-[[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-2-[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)ethynyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-bis(dihydroxyphosphonyl)methyl 4-methyl phenol 147608-61-5 C9H14O7P2
    2,6-bis(dihydroxyphosphonyl)methyl 4-methyl phenol
    —— 2-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-ol 832-87-1 C11H16O4
    2-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-ol
    —— 1-(3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)but-2-en-1-one 144688-19-7 C14H18O4
    1-(3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)but-2-en-1-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenz-[14C]-aldehyde 15212-09-6 C8H8O3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenz-[14C]-aldehyde
    —— ethyl 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzyl(methyl)phosphinate 1282618-55-6 C10H13Br2O3P
    ethyl 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzyl(methyl)phosphinate
    —— 5-Amino-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-6-prop-2-enylphenol 206766-44-1 C12H17NO3
    5-Amino-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-6-prop-2-enylphenol
    —— 2,6-dibromo-3,4,5-trichloro-phenol 339364-72-6 C6HBr2Cl3O
    2,6-dibromo-3,4,5-trichloro-phenol
    —— 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazoline 24207-30-5 C9H9NO3
    2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazoline
    —— 4-[3-[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl-methylamino]butyl]phenol 126376-96-3 C16H23N3O
    4-[3-[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl-methylamino]butyl]phenol
    —— 4-[3-[ethyl-[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]amino]butyl]phenol 126376-97-4 C17H25N3O
    4-[3-[ethyl-[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]amino]butyl]phenol
    —— 4-[3-[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl-propylamino]butyl]phenol 126376-99-6 C18H27N3O
    4-[3-[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl-propylamino]butyl]phenol
    —— 3-amino-6-bromo-2-fluoro-4-nitrophenol 1210047-88-3 C6H4BrFN2O3
    3-amino-6-bromo-2-fluoro-4-nitrophenol
    —— Pentanitro-phenol 322765-69-5 C6HN5O11
    Pentanitro-phenol
    —— 3,5-bis(diethylphosphonomethyl)phenol 1236355-59-1 C16H28O7P2
    3,5-bis(diethylphosphonomethyl)phenol
    —— 2,2,7,7,13,13,18,18-Octamethyl-24,26-diazapentacyclo[17.3.1.13,6.18,12.114,17]hexacosa-1(23),3,5,8(25),9,11,14,16,19,21-decaene-10,21-diol 1357909-88-6 C32H38N2O2
    2,2,7,7,13,13,18,18-Octamethyl-24,26-diazapentacyclo[17.3.1.13,6.18,12.114,17]hexacosa-1(23),3,5,8(25),9,11,14,16,19,21-decaene-10,21-diol
    —— 4-(2-(2-hydroxyphenylamino)thiazol-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 1173282-19-3 C15H12N2O3S
    4-(2-(2-hydroxyphenylamino)thiazol-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol