NIOSH REL: TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3), STEL 15 ppm (60 mg/m3), IDLH 75
ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 50 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 10 ppm, STEL 15 ppm (adopted).
LogP:
0.3 at 25℃
物理描述:
Furfuryl alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point 167°F. Boiling point 171°F. Denser than water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion and skin contact and moderately toxic by inhalation.
Furfuryl alcohol is oxidized to furoic acid, which is excreted as the glycine conjugate furoyl glycine ... . Furoyl glycine was the major end product in the urine of rats after feeding furfuryl alcohol.
Furfuryl alcohol is first metabolized by oxidation to the aldehyde (furfural) and then to the corresponding acid (furoic acid), followed by decarboxylation to CO2, excreted as the unchanged acid, conjugated with glycine, or condensed with acetic acid. Furoylglycine was identified as the major urinary metabolite in rats after an oral dose of furfuryl alcohol. Furoic acid and furanacrylic acid were also identified as minor metabolites.
Following oral administration of 0.275, 2.75, and 27.5 mg/kg (14)Cfurfuryl alcohol in rats, at least 86 to 89% was absorbed. ... No furfuryl alcohol was identified in the urine. Furoylglycine was the major urinary metabolite (73 to 80% of dose), and furoic acid (1 to 6%) and furanacrylic acid (3 to 8%) were the minor metabolites.
... The major metabolite was furoylglycine and the minor metabolites were furoic-acid and furanacrylic-acid for both FAL and FOL. The extent and rate of excretion of the metabolites were unaffected by dose.
... /Investigators/ suggest that furfuryl alcohol is distributed equally through most or all of the body water ... though it appears to have a slight predilection for the brain.
When [C14] furfuryl alcohol at doses up to 27.5 mg/kg bw ... were administered to rats by gavage in corn oil, 83-89% of the radiolabel was excreted in the urine and 2-4% in the feces, and 7% was exhaled as C14-carbon dioxide within 24 hours. Residual radiolabel was distributed primarily to the liver and kidneys, the amount generally being proportional to the dose.
The comparative metabolism and disposition of furfural (FAL) and furfuryl alcohol (FOL) /in male Fisher 344 rats/ were investigated following oral administration of approximately 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 of the LD50, corresponding to approximately 0.127, 1.15, and 12.5 mg/kg for FAL and 0.275, 2.75, and 27.5 mg/kg for FOL. At all doses studied, at least 86-89% of the dose of FAL or FOL was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. FAL and FOL were extensively metabolized prior to excretion. The major route of excretion was in urine, where 83-88% of the dose was excreted, whereas 2-4% was excreted in the feces. Approximately 7% of the dose from rats treated with FAL at 12.5 mg/kg was exhaled as 14CO2. At 72 hr following administration, the pattern of tissue distribution of radioactivity was similar for both FAL and FOL. Liver and kidney contained the highest, and brain the lowest concentrations of radioactivity. Generally, the concentrations of radioactivity in tissues were proportional to the dose. Almost all of the urinary radioactivity was tentatively identified. No FAL or FOL was detected in urine.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
The synthesis of 1-chloroalkyl carbonates and their reaction with various type of amines are described. This reaction is useful for the synthesis of carbamate pesticides and for the protection of various amino groups, including amino acids.
The O-methylation of alcohols and phenols with stoichiometric amounts of dimethyl sulfate in 1,4-dioxan or triglyme in the presence of solid potassium hydroxide and small amounts of water represents a useful method for the synthesis of methylethers in high yields and with high selectivity. The complete consumption of dimethyl sulfate in this reaction avoids the problems connected with the work-up of reaction mixtures still containing excess amounts of this toxic reagent.
Process for nucleophilic fluoroalkylation of aldehydes
申请人:Ethyl Corporation
公开号:US04837327A1
公开(公告)日:1989-06-06
Aryl difluoromethyl sulfone adds to alkehydes under phase transfer conditions to give novel substituted alcohols of the general formula RCH(OH)CF.sub.2 SO.sub.2 Ar (I) wherein R is an aryl, cycloaliphatic, sec- or tert-aliphatic, or heterocyclic group and Ar is an aryl group. The substituted alcohols of formula I are of particular utility as intermediates in the synthesis of a variety of useful end products. For example, the products of formula I may be utilized in desulfonylation reactions, oxidation reactions and fluorination reactions.
Catalytic hydrogenation of functionalized amides under basic and neutral conditions
作者:Jeremy M. John、Rasu Loorthuraja、Evan Antoniuk、Steven H. Bergens
DOI:10.1039/c4cy01227e
日期:——
A new, base-free high turnover number (TON) catalyst for hydrogenation of simple and functionalized amides is prepared by reacting [Ru(η3-C3H5)(Ph2P(CH2)2NH2)2]BF4 and BH4− under hydrogen. The hydrogenation proceeds with C–N cleavage to form the corresponding amine and alcohol. The base-free and base-promoted hydrogenations tolerate alcohols, amines, aromatic bromides, chlorides and fluorides, ethers