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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-(2-Chloroallyl)-4-methoxyphenol 53299-62-0 C10H11ClO2
    2-(2-Chloroallyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyacetophenone)-o-phenylenediamine 133345-51-4 C22H20N2O2
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyacetophenone)-o-phenylenediamine
    —— <2-Brom-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl>-essigsaeure-methylester 90841-70-6 C10H11BrO4
    <2-Brom-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl>-essigsaeure-methylester
    —— C-undecylcavitandtetrol 169219-14-1 C76H112O12
    C-undecylcavitandtetrol
    —— 7-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4'-methylspiro[2,4-dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine-3,1'-cyclohexane]-6-one 112919-58-1 C17H20N4O2S
    7-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4'-methylspiro[2,4-dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine-3,1'-cyclohexane]-6-one
    —— 2-[(triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl]phenol 1062451-35-7 C17H26OSi
    2-[(triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl]phenol
    —— 2,2'-ditelluridediyldiphenol 1235774-36-3 C12H10O2Te2
    2,2'-ditelluridediyldiphenol
    —— 2,3,5-trichloro-4-methyl-phenol 608-91-3 C7H5Cl3O
    2,3,5-trichloro-4-methyl-phenol
    —— (E)-9-(2-hydroxyphenyl)non-3-en-8-yn-2-one 1356471-32-3 C15H16O2
    (E)-9-(2-hydroxyphenyl)non-3-en-8-yn-2-one
    —— thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-vanillylidenehydrazone 118836-83-2 C11H11N3O3S
    thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2-vanillylidenehydrazone
    —— Z-4-(heptadec-8'-enyl)benzene-1,2-diol 122850-26-4 C23H38O2
    Z-4-(heptadec-8'-enyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 5-((Z)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone 99972-65-3 C11H9NO3S2
    5-((Z)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone
    —— (Z,Z)-4-(heptadeca-8',11'-dienyl)benzene-1,2-diol 105419-12-3 C23H36O2
    (Z,Z)-4-(heptadeca-8',11'-dienyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 6-ethyl-4-amino-2,3-dimethyl-phenol 708258-12-2 C10H15NO
    6-ethyl-4-amino-2,3-dimethyl-phenol
    —— 2,5-Bis-<bis-(2-hydroxy-aethyl)aminomethyl>-hydrochinon 114510-02-0 C16H28N2O6
    2,5-Bis-<bis-(2-hydroxy-aethyl)aminomethyl>-hydrochinon
    —— methyl p-hydroxybenzenesulfinate 125927-95-9 C7H8O3S
    methyl p-hydroxybenzenesulfinate
    —— E-4-(heptadec-8'-enyl)benzene-1,2-diol 122850-27-5 C23H38O2
    E-4-(heptadec-8'-enyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-Methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetramethylphenol 74725-16-9 C11H16O2
    2-Methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetramethylphenol
    —— 4-methoxyphenyl-E-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy)-styryl ether 960069-06-1 C16H16O4
    4-methoxyphenyl-E-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy)-styryl ether
    —— 2,6-Bis-(morpholinomethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 21594-93-4 C17H26N2O4
    2,6-Bis-(morpholinomethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone thiosemicarbazone 102872-09-3 C9H11N3O2S
    1-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone thiosemicarbazone
    —— tert-Butyl 3-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)propanoate 591777-17-2 C14H20O3
    tert-Butyl 3-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)propanoate
    —— 4-(Furan-2-yl)-3-(1-hydroxybut-3-ynyl)phenol 1361252-48-3 C14H12O3
    4-(Furan-2-yl)-3-(1-hydroxybut-3-ynyl)phenol
    —— 3,5-Dimethoxy-2-(1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-4-yl)-phenol 190973-16-1 C14H19NO3
    3,5-Dimethoxy-2-(1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-4-yl)-phenol
    —— (3E,5E)-3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one 861968-02-7 C22H23NO5
    (3E,5E)-3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1-methylpiperidin-4-one
    —— N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide 287199-24-0 C14H22N2O2
    N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— N-methyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-(pentylthio)phenyl)-3-methylbutylamine 129658-15-7 C18H31NO2S
    N-methyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-(pentylthio)phenyl)-3-methylbutylamine
    —— methyl (3,6-dihydroxy-2-formyl-5-methoxyphenyl)thioacetate 80427-83-4 C11H12O6S
    methyl (3,6-dihydroxy-2-formyl-5-methoxyphenyl)thioacetate
    —— 6-[2-[3,4-di(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]ethoxy]hexanoic acid 178486-12-9 C28H32O5
    6-[2-[3,4-di(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]ethoxy]hexanoic acid
    —— 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxydihydrocinnamide 88865-58-1 C11H15NO4
    4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxydihydrocinnamide
    —— salicylaldehyde nitroaminoguanizone 67082-03-5 C8H9N5O3
    salicylaldehyde nitroaminoguanizone
    —— methyl 2-((4S,5S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)acetate 1610371-48-6 C14H15F3N2O3
    methyl 2-((4S,5S)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)acetate
    —— N-<2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl>imidazoline hydrochloride salt 96826-03-8 C11H14N2O2*ClH
    N-<2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl>imidazoline hydrochloride salt
    —— methyl (3S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexanoate 1073545-27-3 C13H18O3
    methyl (3S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexanoate
    —— N-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-diphenylphosphorylacetamide 135689-10-0 C21H19N2O4P
    N-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-2-diphenylphosphorylacetamide
    —— 4-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-5-mercapto-3-ethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole 119153-17-2 C11H12N4OS
    4-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-5-mercapto-3-ethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole
    —— 2-methoxy-5-{2-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]ethyl}phenol 1395084-76-0 C18H23NO3
    2-methoxy-5-{2-[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]ethyl}phenol
    —— (α'R,2S)-2-(5'-Hydroxy-2'-methoxy-α'-methylbenzyloxy)propanal 162285-90-7 C12H16O4
    (α'R,2S)-2-(5'-Hydroxy-2'-methoxy-α'-methylbenzyloxy)propanal
    —— (α'S,2S)-2-(5'-Hydroxy-2'-methoxy-α'-methylbenzyloxy)propanal 162285-89-4 C12H16O4
    (α'S,2S)-2-(5'-Hydroxy-2'-methoxy-α'-methylbenzyloxy)propanal
    —— Hydrochinon, Ameisensaeure 50673-37-5 CH2O2*C6H6O2
    Hydrochinon, Ameisensaeure
    —— 2-Octyl-4,6-dinitrophenol 4467-92-9 C14H20N2O5
    2-Octyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
    —— 2-(2,3-epoxy-3-methylbutyl)-4-methoxyphenol 144705-45-3 C12H16O3
    2-(2,3-epoxy-3-methylbutyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 141989-04-0 C11H14O4
    2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— Tetraethyl (2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(phosphonate) 91633-10-2 C15H26O8P2
    Tetraethyl (2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(phosphonate)
    —— (E)-1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)but-2-en-1-one 97911-35-8 C10H10O3
    (E)-1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)but-2-en-1-one
    —— 5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1274936-99-0 C56H80O16
    5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 2,8,14,20-Tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-5,11,17,23-tetrakis(2-propoxyethoxymethyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1274937-07-3 C68H104O16
    2,8,14,20-Tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-5,11,17,23-tetrakis(2-propoxyethoxymethyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— 5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(2-butoxyethoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1274937-08-4 C72H112O16
    5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(2-butoxyethoxymethyl)-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol
    —— ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1,3-bis(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-4H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate 1190370-91-2 C25H36N4O7
    ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1,3-bis(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-2-oxo-4H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 2,8,14,20-Tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-5,11,17,23-tetrakis(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 1094618-95-7 C60H72O12
    2,8,14,20-Tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-5,11,17,23-tetrakis(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol