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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-(dec-9enyloxy)benzaldehyde 201672-98-2 C17H24O3
    2-Hydroxy-5-(dec-9enyloxy)benzaldehyde
    —— 4-(dec-9-enyloxy)phenol 117560-77-7 C16H24O2
    4-(dec-9-enyloxy)phenol
    —— 2,4,6-trimorpholinylmethyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzene 23409-80-5 C21H33N3O5
    2,4,6-trimorpholinylmethyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzene
    —— 3-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylamine 149555-67-9 C8H11NO2
    3-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylamine
    —— 4,12,16,24-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene 140396-87-8 C28H24O4
    4,12,16,24-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene
    —— 2-<(1R)-1-(<(1'R)-1'-phenylethyl>amino)pent-4-enyl>phenol 223268-47-1 C19H23NO
    2-<(1R)-1-(<(1'R)-1'-phenylethyl>amino)pent-4-enyl>phenol
    —— 5-{[(2-cyclohex-1-enyl-ethyl)methylamino]methyl}-2-methoxyphenol 363132-75-6 C17H25NO2
    5-{[(2-cyclohex-1-enyl-ethyl)methylamino]methyl}-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-({[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)ethyl]methylamino}methyl)-2-methoxyphenol 363132-93-8 C17H27NO3
    5-({[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)ethyl]methylamino}methyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-nitro-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenol 168123-63-5 C8H3F6NO3
    4-nitro-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro)phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirine 125680-82-2 C8H4F3N3O3
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro)phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirine
    —— (E)-methyl (3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)propanoate 343256-47-3 C11H11Br2NO5
    (E)-methyl (3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)propanoate
    —— [(E)-4-[3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-5-methylphenyl]but-2-enyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 271578-67-7 C19H28O6
    [(E)-4-[3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-5-methylphenyl]but-2-enyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— 4-[(E)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxybut-2-enyl]-3-methoxy-6-(methoxymethoxy)-2-methylphenol 351379-95-8 C20H34O5Si
    4-[(E)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxybut-2-enyl]-3-methoxy-6-(methoxymethoxy)-2-methylphenol
    —— N-benzyl-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propylamine 253135-13-6 C17H21NO2
    N-benzyl-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propylamine
    —— N-benzyl-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanamide 253135-11-4 C17H19NO3
    N-benzyl-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 2,6-bis(butyltelluro)phenol 1442114-98-8 C14H22OTe2
    2,6-bis(butyltelluro)phenol
    —— 2-(butyltelluro)phenol 1442114-84-2 C10H14OTe
    2-(butyltelluro)phenol
    —— 4,12,16,24-tetrahydroxy-5,23-dimethylcalix<4>arene 173974-39-5 C30H28O4
    4,12,16,24-tetrahydroxy-5,23-dimethylcalix<4>arene
    —— 5,23-di-tert-butyl-4,12,16,24-tetrahydroxy-11,17-dimethylcalix<4>arene 173974-38-4 C38H44O4
    5,23-di-tert-butyl-4,12,16,24-tetrahydroxy-11,17-dimethylcalix<4>arene
    —— 5-(1-methyl-pentyl)-resorcinol 59656-56-3 C12H18O2
    5-(1-methyl-pentyl)-resorcinol
    —— (o-Hydroxyanilino)-iminomethansulfinsaeure 27395-36-4 C7H8N2O3S
    (o-Hydroxyanilino)-iminomethansulfinsaeure
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-methoxy-5-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylmethyl)cyclopent-2-enone 1237529-59-7 C20H26O4
    2-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-3-methoxy-5-(tetrahydropyran-4-ylmethyl)cyclopent-2-enone
    —— (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl 4-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate 1442442-19-4 C20H19N3O7
    (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl 4-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxylate
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl)-3-hexylurea 1141461-12-2 C15H24N2O3
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl)-3-hexylurea
    —— 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-hexylurea 1141461-43-9 C14H22N2O2
    1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-hexylurea
    —— 1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-3-hexylurea 1141461-42-8 C14H22N2O2
    1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-3-hexylurea
    —— 1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)-3-hexylurea 1141461-20-2 C14H21BrN2O2
    1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)-3-hexylurea
    —— 1,1'-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(methylene)bis(3-hexylurea) 1141461-23-5 C22H37BrN4O3
    1,1'-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(methylene)bis(3-hexylurea)
    —— 1,1'-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(methylene)bis(3-hexylurea) 1141461-16-6 C23H40N4O4
    1,1'-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(methylene)bis(3-hexylurea)
    —— 1-(3,5-cis-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyrazin-2-yl)propan-1-one 1427192-10-6 C22H29N3O4
    1-(3,5-cis-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(pyrazin-2-yl)propan-1-one
    —— 2-(1-isopropylamino-ethyl)-phenol 128307-90-4 C11H17NO
    2-(1-isopropylamino-ethyl)-phenol
    —— 2-(1-isopropyliminoethyl)phenol 74378-55-5 C11H15NO
    2-(1-isopropyliminoethyl)phenol
    —— 2,3,4,5-tetradeuterio-6-methyl-phenol 3646-99-9 C7H8O
    2,3,4,5-tetradeuterio-6-methyl-phenol
    —— 2,3,5,6-d4-p-cresol 2876-03-1 C7H8O
    2,3,5,6-d4-p-cresol
    —— 1,5,6,7-Isobenzofurantetrol, 1,3-dihydro-4-methyl- 197316-54-4 C9H10O5
    1,5,6,7-Isobenzofurantetrol, 1,3-dihydro-4-methyl-
    —— N-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-Na(2)-2-pyridinylurea 201532-47-0 C12H10N4O4
    N-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-Na(2)-2-pyridinylurea
    —— 2-(3-chlorophenylimino)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-thiazolidinone 358399-56-1 C17H13ClN2O3S
    2-(3-chlorophenylimino)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-4-thiazolidinone
    —— 7,13,19,25,31,39,45,51,57,63-deca-tert-butyl-65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74-decahydroxy-2,3,34,35-tetrahomo-3,35-dioxacalix[10]arene 850132-48-8 C112H144O12
    7,13,19,25,31,39,45,51,57,63-deca-tert-butyl-65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74-decahydroxy-2,3,34,35-tetrahomo-3,35-dioxacalix[10]arene
    —— 2(1H)-Pyridinone, 3,4-dihydro-1-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropyl]- 476467-98-8 C14H15NO3
    2(1H)-Pyridinone, 3,4-dihydro-1-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropyl]-
    —— 2-(4-fluoro-anilino)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-thiazol-4-one 1547-78-0 C17H13FN2O3S
    2-(4-fluoro-anilino)-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-thiazol-4-one
    —— [<sup>2</sup>H]-o-cresol 92891-99-1 C7H8O
    [<sup>2</sup>H]-o-cresol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-((pyridine-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol 73447-06-0 C13H12N2O2
    2-methoxy-6-((pyridine-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol
    —— 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)guanidine 6145-40-0 C7H9N3O
    1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)guanidine
    —— 4-[3-(3-chloro-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenoxy)propoxy]phenol 845743-86-4 C18H19ClO5
    4-[3-(3-chloro-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenoxy)propoxy]phenol
    —— 5-carboethoxy-6-methyl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyridin-2-one 1022919-13-6 C15H17NO4
    5-carboethoxy-6-methyl-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydropyridin-2-one
    —— N-(5-ethoxycarbonylpentyl)-2-nitro-3-hydroxy-4-chlorobenzamide 26899-60-5 C15H19ClN2O6
    N-(5-ethoxycarbonylpentyl)-2-nitro-3-hydroxy-4-chlorobenzamide
    —— 6-(2-N-carbobenzoxy-N-carbo-tert-butoxyaminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 145653-96-9 C23H27NO7
    6-(2-N-carbobenzoxy-N-carbo-tert-butoxyaminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— (Z)-3,4-dihydroxystyryl-2,4,6-trimethoxybenzylsulfone 366808-02-8 C18H20O7S
    (Z)-3,4-dihydroxystyryl-2,4,6-trimethoxybenzylsulfone
    —— 2,3-Bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)thiophene 633700-00-2 C18H16O4S
    2,3-Bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)thiophene
    —— (Z)-3,4-dihydroxystyryl-2,4,6-trimethoxybenzylsulfide 366808-06-2 C18H20O5S
    (Z)-3,4-dihydroxystyryl-2,4,6-trimethoxybenzylsulfide