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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-(4-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one 90771-12-3 C10H8N2O2S2
    3-(4-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-amino-2-thioxo-5-vanillylidene-thiazolidin-4-one 99985-11-2 C11H10N2O3S2
    3-amino-2-thioxo-5-vanillylidene-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one 1621252-77-4 C12H12N2O4S2
    (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylideneamino)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-3-amino-5-(3',5'-diiodo-4'-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one 1133953-95-3 C10H6I2N2O2S2
    (Z)-3-amino-5-(3',5'-diiodo-4'-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— (Z)-3-amino-5-(4'-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one 1133953-97-5 C10H8N2O2S2
    (Z)-3-amino-5-(4'-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4H-Imidazol-4-one, 3,5-dihydro-5-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-2-methyl-3-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)- 76834-44-1 C15H14N4O3S
    4H-Imidazol-4-one, 3,5-dihydro-5-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene)-2-methyl-3-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-
    —— 3-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophen-1-yl)methyleneamino]-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one 340041-28-3 C10H6Br2N2O2S2
    3-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dibromophen-1-yl)methyleneamino]-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzaldehyde-oxime 53148-14-4 C7H7NO4
    3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzaldehyde-oxime
    —— 1-(3,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethan-1-one 1428324-88-2 C17H16N2O3
    1-(3,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethan-1-one
    —— 4-amino-5-methyl-pyrocatechol 749819-92-9 C7H9NO2
    4-amino-5-methyl-pyrocatechol
    —— 2,2'-trisulfanediyl-di-phenol 100953-03-5 C12H10O2S3
    2,2'-trisulfanediyl-di-phenol
    —— 2,6-di-butylphenol 62083-20-9 C14H22O
    2,6-di-butylphenol
    —— 4-butyl-2-chloro-phenol 18980-02-4 C10H13ClO
    4-butyl-2-chloro-phenol
    —— 1-(2'-hydroxy-5'-butylphenyl)-1-ethanone (E)-oxime 103582-33-8 C12H17NO2
    1-(2'-hydroxy-5'-butylphenyl)-1-ethanone (E)-oxime
    —— ethyl (1R,2R)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate 906802-40-2 C19H28O5
    ethyl (1R,2R)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethoxy)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate
    —— 2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-4-fluoro-phenol 23226-04-2 C9H7FN2OS
    2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-4-fluoro-phenol
    —— 6-Ethyl-3-methyl-p-Chlorophenol 18980-09-1 C9H11ClO
    6-Ethyl-3-methyl-p-Chlorophenol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N,6-dimethyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide 433317-60-3 C14H17N3O3S
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N,6-dimethyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide 141353-97-1 C14H17N3O4
    4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N,6-dimethyl-2-sulfanylidene-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide 141354-10-1 C14H17N3O3S
    4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N,6-dimethyl-2-sulfanylidene-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide 1188497-13-3 C14H17N3O4
    4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide
    —— 3,6-bis[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]-4-ethylcatechol 923267-59-8 C18H18O4S2
    3,6-bis[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]-4-ethylcatechol
    —— 3-[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]-5-ethylcatechol 923267-58-7 C13H14O3S
    3-[(2-furylmethyl)sulfanyl]-5-ethylcatechol
    —— 2-ethyl-5-chlorophenol 27581-19-7 C8H9ClO
    2-ethyl-5-chlorophenol
    —— (Z)-2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3(2H)-one 1389252-28-1 C12H10N2O2S
    (Z)-2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3(2H)-one
    —— 2-methyl-4-[(4Z,7Z,10E)-pentadeca-4,7,10-trien-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol 50423-15-9 C22H32O2
    2-methyl-4-[(4Z,7Z,10E)-pentadeca-4,7,10-trien-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-<N-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(4'-morpholino)methylphenyl>methyl>amino-1-<(phenyl)methyl>-1H-benzimidazole 144858-14-0 C27H30N4O3
    2-<N-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(4'-morpholino)methylphenyl>methyl>amino-1-<(phenyl)methyl>-1H-benzimidazole
    —— 2-Methyl-4-((7Z,10E)-pentadeca-7,10-dien-5-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 50423-14-8 C22H34O2
    2-Methyl-4-((7Z,10E)-pentadeca-7,10-dien-5-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-cyclohexyl-1-(4-hydroxybenzaldehyde)thiosemicarbazone 502757-33-7 C14H19N3OS
    4-cyclohexyl-1-(4-hydroxybenzaldehyde)thiosemicarbazone
    —— 4-cyclohexyl-1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)thiosemicarbazide 1463964-88-6 C14H21N3OS
    4-cyclohexyl-1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)thiosemicarbazide
    —— (3,6-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylphenyl)-(3-pyridyl)methanol 162653-09-0 C14H15NO3
    (3,6-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylphenyl)-(3-pyridyl)methanol
    —— 5-amino-2,3-dimethylphenol 90086-90-1 C8H11NO
    5-amino-2,3-dimethylphenol
    —— N-Methyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-(pentylthio)phenyl)-3-methylbutylamine maleate 129658-16-8 C22H35NO6S
    N-Methyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-(pentylthio)phenyl)-3-methylbutylamine maleate
    —— (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-cyclopentylpropanoyl)-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one 1371632-30-2 C20H25ClN2O3
    (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-cyclopentylpropanoyl)-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one
    —— 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1]benzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)hydrazone 304684-77-3 C18H18N4O2S
    3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1]benzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)hydrazone
    —— 2-[(benzylimino)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol 65514-21-8 C15H15NO2
    2-[(benzylimino)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol
    —— (S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(2-cycloheptylacetyl)-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one 1224683-95-7 C19H23ClN2O3
    (S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(2-cycloheptylacetyl)-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— (S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-cycloheptylpropanoyl)-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one 1224683-92-4 C22H29ClN2O3
    (S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-cycloheptylpropanoyl)-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— 3-(7,10-Pentadecadienyl)-1,2-benzenediol 68640-60-8 C21H32O2
    3-(7,10-Pentadecadienyl)-1,2-benzenediol
    —— (S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-cyclohexylpropanoyl)-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one 1224683-89-9 C21H27ClN2O3
    (S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(3-cyclohexylpropanoyl)-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(2-cyclohexylacetyl)-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one 1372148-94-1 C20H25ClN2O3
    (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(2-cyclohexylacetyl)-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-[2-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)acetyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one 1372148-98-5 C22H29ClN2O3
    (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-[2-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)acetyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one
    —— 2,4-dichloro-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide 107401-30-9 C15H12Cl2N2O3
    2,4-dichloro-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-[2-(4-methoxycyclohexyl)acetyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one 1372149-00-2 C21H27ClN2O4
    (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-[2-(4-methoxycyclohexyl)acetyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-(3-phenylpropanoyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one 1372148-92-9 C21H21ClN2O3
    (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-(3-phenylpropanoyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one
    —— 2-methoxy-4-[(5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]phenol 324030-08-2 C17H14N6O2
    2-methoxy-4-[(5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]phenol
    —— (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-[2-(4-methylcyclohexyl)acetyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one 1372148-96-3 C21H27ClN2O3
    (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-ethyl-5-[2-(4-methylcyclohexyl)acetyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one
    —— 3,5-Pyrazolidinedione, 4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-((phenylthio)methyl)phenyl)methylene)-1-phenyl- 107788-19-2 C24H20N2O4S
    3,5-Pyrazolidinedione, 4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-((phenylthio)methyl)phenyl)methylene)-1-phenyl-
    —— 1-(5-Bromo-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadien-1-one 118024-32-1 C17H13BrO3
    1-(5-Bromo-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadien-1-one
    —— 3-chloro-4,5-dimethylpyrocatechol 3938-13-4 C8H9ClO2
    3-chloro-4,5-dimethylpyrocatechol