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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-Chloro-I+/-,2-dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid 73289-76-6 C8H7ClO4
    5-Chloro-I+/-,2-dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid
    —— 3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-1-((1aS,5aR)-1,1,2-trimethyl-1,1a,5,5a-tetrahydro-3-thia-cyclopropa[a]pentalen-4-yl)-propan-1-one 910814-29-8 C21H23FO3S
    3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-1-((1aS,5aR)-1,1,2-trimethyl-1,1a,5,5a-tetrahydro-3-thia-cyclopropa[a]pentalen-4-yl)-propan-1-one
    —— 5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-methoxy-phenol 865305-19-7 C10H13ClO2
    5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-methoxy-phenol
    —— 3-nitro-5-ethylcatechol 71608-02-1 C8H9NO4
    3-nitro-5-ethylcatechol
    —— Decyl 5-hydroxy-6-[2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-dithian-2-yl]-3-oxohexanoate 1139819-31-0 C30H48O7S2
    Decyl 5-hydroxy-6-[2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-1,3-dithian-2-yl]-3-oxohexanoate
    —— 2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenol 1030382-91-2 C9H13FOSi
    2-fluoro-4-trimethylsilanyl-phenol
    —— 3-chloro-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol. 1154740-52-9 C9H11ClO2
    3-chloro-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenol.
    —— 5-[5-(4-chloro-benzyl)-[1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-methyl-phenol 1000002-66-3 C16H13ClN2O2
    5-[5-(4-chloro-benzyl)-[1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 5-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-methyl-phenol 1000002-71-0 C15H11ClN2O2
    5-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]-oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 2,6-Diamino-4-methoxyphenol 38213-77-3 C7H10N2O2
    2,6-Diamino-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-2,6 dimethyl-dihydro-ethyl cinnamate 729590-61-8 C13H18O3
    4-hydroxy-2,6 dimethyl-dihydro-ethyl cinnamate
    —— 2-[[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]methyl]pyrrolidine 933758-82-8 C14H21NO2
    2-[[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]methyl]pyrrolidine
    —— 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[[1-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl]hydrazine 881404-76-8 C13H18ClN3O9S2
    1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)-2-[[1-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl]hydrazine
    —— 2-methoxy-4-({6-[4-(2-fluorophenoxy)piperidin-1-yl]pyridazin-3-yl}ethynyl)phenol 1029359-62-3 C24H22FN3O3
    2-methoxy-4-({6-[4-(2-fluorophenoxy)piperidin-1-yl]pyridazin-3-yl}ethynyl)phenol
    —— 2-methyl-4-(trimethylsilyl)phenol 58933-97-4 C10H16OSi
    2-methyl-4-(trimethylsilyl)phenol
    —— 4-(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-5-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenol 1036383-61-5 C15H12ClFN2O2
    4-(5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-5-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 4-Fluoro-5-iodo-2-methylphenol 900175-53-3 C7H6FIO
    4-Fluoro-5-iodo-2-methylphenol
    —— 4-formyl-5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-N,N-diethylaniline 1034887-51-8 C12H17NO3
    4-formyl-5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-N,N-diethylaniline
    —— 5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(benzylideneamino)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,26,27,28-tetrol 934351-74-3 C56H44N4O4
    5,11,17,23-Tetrakis(benzylideneamino)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,26,27,28-tetrol
    —— (I+/-S)-I+/--Amino-3-bromo-2-fluoro-6-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzeneacetic acid 1213379-15-7 C9H9BrFNO4
    (I+/-S)-I+/--Amino-3-bromo-2-fluoro-6-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzeneacetic acid
    —— 2-Morpholineacetic acid, 4-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]- 1535418-60-0 C14H18BrNO5
    2-Morpholineacetic acid, 4-[(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-
    —— 4-((R)-1-amino-2-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-methoxy-phenol 1213318-24-1 C9H13NO3
    4-((R)-1-amino-2-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-methoxy-phenol
    —— (S)-4-(1-Amino-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-phenol 1187930-88-6 C8H8F3NO
    (S)-4-(1-Amino-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-phenol
    —— (r)-2-(1-Amino-2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitrophenol 1213512-36-7 C8H10N2O4
    (r)-2-(1-Amino-2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 5-chloro-2-[(1S)-1,2-diaminoethyl]-4-fluorophenol 1213873-51-8 C8H10ClFN2O
    5-chloro-2-[(1S)-1,2-diaminoethyl]-4-fluorophenol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1,2-Diaminoethyl]-1,3-benzenediol 1213101-46-2 C8H12N2O2
    2-[(1R)-1,2-Diaminoethyl]-1,3-benzenediol
    —— 2-[(1R)-1-amino-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]-6-bromo-4-methoxyphenol 1213152-75-0 C9H9BrF3NO2
    2-[(1R)-1-amino-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]-6-bromo-4-methoxyphenol
    —— Benzeneacetic acid, I+/--amino-4,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-, (I+/-S)- 1381957-28-3 C8H6Br2N2O5
    Benzeneacetic acid, I+/--amino-4,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-, (I+/-S)-
    —— 3-[(1S)-1,2-Diaminoethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenemethanol 1212849-15-4 C9H13N3O4
    3-[(1S)-1,2-Diaminoethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzenemethanol
    —— 3-[(1R)-1-Amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzeneacetonitrile 1213097-30-3 C11H14N2O3
    3-[(1R)-1-Amino-2-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzeneacetonitrile
    —— 2-amino-6-[(1S)-1,2-diaminoethyl]-4-methylphenol 1212973-14-2 C9H15N3O
    2-amino-6-[(1S)-1,2-diaminoethyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 3-Chloro-5-(pentafluorosulfur)phenol 1240257-43-5 C6H4ClF5OS
    3-Chloro-5-(pentafluorosulfur)phenol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-isopropyl-N-(((pyridine-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl)acetamide 1401223-14-0 C19H20N4O4
    2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-N-isopropyl-N-(((pyridine-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)methyl)acetamide
    —— 4-[5-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)thiophen-2-yl]benzene-1,2-diol 1394840-40-4 C16H12O4S
    4-[5-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)thiophen-2-yl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 5-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-2-ol 1415611-17-4 C14H20O2
    5-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-2-ol
    —— 3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl(Methyl)Phosphinic Acid 1383535-22-5 C7H9O4P
    3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl(Methyl)Phosphinic Acid
    —— 7721-07-5 C6H6MgO
    —— Tridecacyclo[31.19.5.57,27.514,46.520,40.12,6.115,19.128,32.141,45.153,57.159,63.165,69.171,75]octaconta-2(77),3,5,15(76),16,18,28,30,32(70),41,43,45(64),53(58),54,56,59(80),60,62,65(79),66,68,71,73,75(78)-tetracosaene-3,5,16,18,29,31,42,44,54,56,60,62,66,68,72,74-hexadecol 1393888-64-6 C80H88O16
    Tridecacyclo[31.19.5.57,27.514,46.520,40.12,6.115,19.128,32.141,45.153,57.159,63.165,69.171,75]octaconta-2(77),3,5,15(76),16,18,28,30,32(70),41,43,45(64),53(58),54,56,59(80),60,62,65(79),66,68,71,73,75(78)-tetracosaene-3,5,16,18,29,31,42,44,54,56,60,62,66,68,72,74-hexadecol
    —— 4549-72-8 C7H8NaO
    —— 4-allylsulfanylmethyl-phenol 54373-26-1 C10H12OS
    4-allylsulfanylmethyl-phenol
    —— 3-Pentyl-2-(prop-2-EN-1-YL)phenol 65683-19-4 C14H20O
    3-Pentyl-2-(prop-2-EN-1-YL)phenol
    —— 6-fluoro-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylphenol 1256257-64-3 C10H13FO2
    6-fluoro-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methylphenol
    —— 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 1356953-67-7 C12H15BClFO3
    2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-(4,5-dihydrothiophen-3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 1228321-34-3 C10H10O2S
    4-(4,5-dihydrothiophen-3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-bromo-N-(2-bromo-6-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropionamide 945969-43-7 C10H10Br2N2O4
    2-bromo-N-(2-bromo-6-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropionamide
    —— Phenol, 3,4-dipropoxy- 103686-20-0 C12H18O3
    Phenol, 3,4-dipropoxy-
    —— 2-[4-(Benzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl octanoate 878140-34-2 C23H30O3
    2-[4-(Benzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl octanoate
    —— 4-bromo-3-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-phenol 1161440-81-8 C9H11BrO2
    4-bromo-3-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-phenol
    —— 2-(hex-2-en-1-yl)-4-nitrophenol 1068753-61-6 C12H15NO3
    2-(hex-2-en-1-yl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(Hexadecan-8-YL)phenol 88953-35-9 C22H38O
    2-(Hexadecan-8-YL)phenol