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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-methyl-2-nitrophenol 63719-72-2 C9H12N2O4
    3-[(2-Hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-methyl-2-nitrophenol
    —— (8S)-8-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-2-ol 693227-11-1 C11H15NO
    (8S)-8-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-2-ol
    —— 2-Bromo-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propene 84819-88-5 C9H9BrO
    2-Bromo-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propene
    —— 3,4,5-Tribromo-2-chlorophenol 61316-71-0 C6H2Br3ClO
    3,4,5-Tribromo-2-chlorophenol
    —— 3,4-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamide 140681-90-9 C13H9Br2NO2
    3,4-Dibromo-2-hydroxy-N-phenylbenzamide
    —— N-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)phenyl]benzamide 38880-91-0 C17H16N2O3
    N-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)phenyl]benzamide
    —— 3-[(2E,4E)-4,6-Dimethylocta-2,4-dienoyl]-5-[hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione 1094390-37-0 C21H25NO5
    3-[(2E,4E)-4,6-Dimethylocta-2,4-dienoyl]-5-[hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyrrolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-methoxy-5-{[4-(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}phenol 1383074-24-5 C19H17N5O2
    2-methoxy-5-{[4-(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}phenol
    —— 1,1-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-[2-[[2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]urea;hydrochloride 69630-67-7 C16H28ClN3O6
    1,1-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-[2-[[2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]urea;hydrochloride
    —— 2-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl butanoate 1390634-21-5 C12H16O4
    2-(2,3-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl butanoate
    —— 2,5-Bis[3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]propylamino]cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione 1310796-47-4 C28H36N4O6
    2,5-Bis[3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]propylamino]cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
    —— 3-[(4-Chloro-2-nitroanilino)-diethoxyphosphorylmethyl]-4-nitrophenol 1296865-43-4 C17H19ClN3O8P
    3-[(4-Chloro-2-nitroanilino)-diethoxyphosphorylmethyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--N,N'-[sulfinyldi(ethane-2,1-diyl)]bis(N-ethylethan-1-amine) (1/1) 13921-24-9 C18H31N5O8S
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--N,N'-[sulfinyldi(ethane-2,1-diyl)]bis(N-ethylethan-1-amine) (1/1)
    —— 2,6-Dibromo-4-[(1Z)-2-nitroprop-1-en-1-yl]phenol 82040-81-1 C9H7Br2NO3
    2,6-Dibromo-4-[(1Z)-2-nitroprop-1-en-1-yl]phenol
    —— Sodium;5-[bis[(2,5-dioxopyrrole-1-carbonyl)amino]methyl]-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid 6959-99-5 C18H14N4NaO11S+
    Sodium;5-[bis[(2,5-dioxopyrrole-1-carbonyl)amino]methyl]-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenesulfonic acid
    —— 3,3-Diethyl-3,7-diazoniaspiro[6.8]pentadecane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7463-16-3 C23H39N5O7+2
    3,3-Diethyl-3,7-diazoniaspiro[6.8]pentadecane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— Copper;2,4,6-triiodophenol 94269-04-2 C6H3CuI3O+2
    Copper;2,4,6-triiodophenol
    —— 2,6-Bis[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]benzene-1,4-diol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 94373-88-3 C16H25ClN2O4
    2,6-Bis[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]benzene-1,4-diol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— Copper;2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenol 2917-31-9 C6HCl5CuO+2
    Copper;2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenol
    —— Barium(2+);4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid 5465-59-8 C6H5BaNO6S+2
    Barium(2+);4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
    —— 1,5-Bis(dimethylamino)pentan-3-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7464-95-1 C15H23N5O8
    1,5-Bis(dimethylamino)pentan-3-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— Copper;2,4,6-trichlorophenol 57131-54-1 C6H3Cl3CuO+2
    Copper;2,4,6-trichlorophenol
    —— 3-(4-Aminobenzene-1-sulfonyl)-5-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 53761-01-6 C14H17ClN2O4S
    3-(4-Aminobenzene-1-sulfonyl)-5-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 4-[2-(Diethylamino)ethoxy]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 5465-21-4 C12H20ClNO2
    4-[2-(Diethylamino)ethoxy]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--1,4-bis(2-chloroethyl)piperazine (1/1) 1246-58-8 C14H19Cl2N5O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--1,4-bis(2-chloroethyl)piperazine (1/1)
    —— Pyridinium, 1-ethyl-2-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl)-, bromide (1:1) 6266-17-7 C16H18BrNO2
    Pyridinium, 1-ethyl-2-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl)-, bromide (1:1)
    —— trans-4-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenylvinyl)-pyridin-methojodid 23369-62-2 C14H14NO2*I
    trans-4-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenylvinyl)-pyridin-methojodid
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--2,4-dimethylquinoline (1/1) 1567-43-7 C17H14N4O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--2,4-dimethylquinoline (1/1)
    —— Sodium;4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid 6313-34-4 C6H5NNaO6S+
    Sodium;4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
    —— 4-(Benzyloxy)-2-{[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl}phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 6309-96-2 C18H24ClNO4
    4-(Benzyloxy)-2-{[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl}phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 3,3-Diethyl-3,7-diazoniaspiro[6.6]tridecane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7463-11-8 C21H35N5O7+2
    3,3-Diethyl-3,7-diazoniaspiro[6.6]tridecane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-(Benzyloxy)-2,6-bis[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1) 6641-93-6 C23H31ClN2O4
    4-(Benzyloxy)-2,6-bis[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]phenol--hydrogen chloride (1/1)
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-amine (1/1) 6628-61-1 C13H13N5O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-amine (1/1)
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--N,N-diethyl-3-(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propan-1-amine (1/1) 6938-52-9 C21H26N6O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--N,N-diethyl-3-(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propan-1-amine (1/1)
    —— (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3methoxystyryl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium iodide 6286-06-2 C20H22NO2*I
    (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3methoxystyryl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium iodide
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--1,2,5,6-tetrazocane (1/1) 59417-01-5 C10H15N7O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--1,2,5,6-tetrazocane (1/1)
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridine (1/1) 2912-23-4 C17H17N5O7
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridine (1/1)
    —— Sodium;3-methyl-4-nitrophenol 2666-76-4 C7H7NNaO3+
    Sodium;3-methyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 3-Oxa-6,9-diazoniadispiro[5.2.89.36]icosane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7463-15-2 C23H37N5O8+2
    3-Oxa-6,9-diazoniadispiro[5.2.89.36]icosane;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— Diethyl-methyl-[2-(1-methylazonan-1-ium-1-yl)ethyl]azanium;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 7596-83-0 C22H39N5O7+2
    Diethyl-methyl-[2-(1-methylazonan-1-ium-1-yl)ethyl]azanium;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-(Dimethylamino)-3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]butan-2-one--2,4,6-trinitrophenol (1/1) 7465-01-2 C15H23N5O8
    4-(Dimethylamino)-3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]butan-2-one--2,4,6-trinitrophenol (1/1)
    —— 2-[(Z)-2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-3-ium iodide 7466-17-3 C17H16INO3
    2-[(Z)-2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-3-ium iodide
    —— N,N,N',N',N'',N''-Hexamethylphosphoric triamide--benzene-1,4-diol (1/1) 40725-70-0 C12H24N3O3P
    N,N,N',N',N'',N''-Hexamethylphosphoric triamide--benzene-1,4-diol (1/1)
    —— 1H,3H-Furo(3,4-c)oxepin-1-one, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)-3a,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-4-(2-oxopropylidene)- 133360-41-5 C25H20O9
    1H,3H-Furo(3,4-c)oxepin-1-one, 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)-3a,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-4-(2-oxopropylidene)-
    —— methyl (Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxofuran-2(5H)-ylidene)acetate 1258941-25-1 C13H10O6
    methyl (Z)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxofuran-2(5H)-ylidene)acetate
    —— 3,14'-Bihispidinyl 62682-06-8 C26H18O10
    3,14'-Bihispidinyl
    —— methyl (R)-2-hydroxy-2-((R)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetate 1258941-30-8 C13H12O7
    methyl (R)-2-hydroxy-2-((R)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)acetate
    —— N-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpentanamide 921607-22-9 C14H21NO2
    N-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpentanamide
    —— I+/--(Cyclohexylamino)-4-hydroxybenzeneacetonitrile 1184224-86-9 C14H18N2O
    I+/--(Cyclohexylamino)-4-hydroxybenzeneacetonitrile
    —— 2-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzenamine 1183201-86-6 C15H17NO2
    2-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]benzenamine