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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Einecs 301-950-1 94087-58-8 C12H18Cl3NO4
    Einecs 301-950-1
    —— Formaldehyde;2-methyloxirane;2-nonylphenol;oxirane 193562-40-2 C21H36O4
    Formaldehyde;2-methyloxirane;2-nonylphenol;oxirane
    —— 1-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-[3-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-hydroxypropoxy]propan-2-ol;formaldehyde;phenol —— C21H40N2O9
    1-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-[3-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-hydroxypropoxy]propan-2-ol;formaldehyde;phenol
    —— Potassium hydrogen carbonate phenoxide--furan-2-carbaldehyde (2/1/1/1) 70892-86-3 C12H10K2O6
    Potassium hydrogen carbonate phenoxide--furan-2-carbaldehyde (2/1/1/1)
    —— Furan-2,5-dione;4-methoxyphenol;6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate —— C23H28O9
    Furan-2,5-dione;4-methoxyphenol;6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate
    —— Formaldehyde;phenol;propan-2-one;urea 84680-03-5 C11H18N2O4
    Formaldehyde;phenol;propan-2-one;urea
    —— Formaldehyde;2-methylphenol;oxalic acid 70198-25-3 C10H12O6
    Formaldehyde;2-methylphenol;oxalic acid
    —— Disodium;formaldehyde;phenol;disulfite 70146-00-8 C7H8Na2O8S2-2
    Disodium;formaldehyde;phenol;disulfite
    —— Einecs 275-847-4 71686-05-0 C10H12N4O5
    Einecs 275-847-4
    —— Azane;formaldehyde;2-methyloxirane;phenol 68928-92-7 C10H17NO3
    Azane;formaldehyde;2-methyloxirane;phenol
    —— alpha,alpha'-Bis(4-hydroxyxylyl)-4-isononyl-2,6-xylenol 93839-65-7 C33H48O3
    alpha,alpha'-Bis(4-hydroxyxylyl)-4-isononyl-2,6-xylenol
    —— Formaldehyde;4-nonylphenol;oxirane;phosphoric acid 82339-03-5 C18H33O7P
    Formaldehyde;4-nonylphenol;oxirane;phosphoric acid
    —— Azane;ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;2-methyloxirane;oxirane;phenol 69868-12-8 C14H29N3O4
    Azane;ethane-1,2-diamine;formaldehyde;2-methyloxirane;oxirane;phenol
    —— N'-(3-aminopropyl)propane-1,3-diamine;2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;formaldehyde;phenol 79771-17-8 C16H30ClN3O3
    N'-(3-aminopropyl)propane-1,3-diamine;2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;formaldehyde;phenol
    —— Benzene-1,2-diol;boric acid;2-methylpentane-2,4-diol 72275-80-0 C12H23BO7
    Benzene-1,2-diol;boric acid;2-methylpentane-2,4-diol
    —— 2-(Chloromethyl)oxirane;2,4-dibromophenol 68958-21-4 C9H9Br2ClO2
    2-(Chloromethyl)oxirane;2,4-dibromophenol
    —— 1'-Fluorometoprolol 151560-54-2 C15H24FNO3
    1'-Fluorometoprolol
    —— Cervisol 8055-05-8 C8H9Cl3FeN3O8
    Cervisol
    —— Cyclopenta-1,3-diene;2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;phenol;tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-3,8-diene 119505-09-8 C26H32O
    Cyclopenta-1,3-diene;2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;phenol;tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-3,8-diene
    —— Phenol, 3-methyl-4-(methylamino)-, sulfate (2:1) 128601-36-5 C8H13NO5S
    Phenol, 3-methyl-4-(methylamino)-, sulfate (2:1)
    —— 2-(Oxiran-2-ylmethoxymethyl)oxirane;phenol;tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-3,8-diene —— C22H28O4
    2-(Oxiran-2-ylmethoxymethyl)oxirane;phenol;tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-3,8-diene
    —— 2,3-Dimethylphenol;prop-1-ene;styrene 76584-98-0 C28H42O
    2,3-Dimethylphenol;prop-1-ene;styrene
    —— Einecs 281-631-0 84000-74-8 C11H17N3O5
    Einecs 281-631-0
    —— N-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenethyl)-N-methylacetamide 1207456-10-7 C11H13Br2NO2
    N-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenethyl)-N-methylacetamide
    —— 5-Amino-2-methylphenol sulfate 10422-66-9 C7H11NO5S
    5-Amino-2-methylphenol sulfate
    —— (5Z)-2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-5-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one 1181081-59-3 C14H16FN3O2S
    (5Z)-2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-5-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— (R)-2-cyclohexyl-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-one 1113034-35-7 C18H23NO2
    (R)-2-cyclohexyl-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-one
    —— (E)-4-methoxy-2-(pent-2-en-2-yl)phenol 1186642-28-3 C12H16O2
    (E)-4-methoxy-2-(pent-2-en-2-yl)phenol
    —— (S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-isobutyl-2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-one 1113034-43-7 C16H21NO2
    (S)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-isobutyl-2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-one
    —— (R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-isopropyl-2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-one 1113034-39-1 C15H19NO2
    (R)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-isopropyl-2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-one
    —— 6-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-pyridin-3-ol 1187188-71-1 C14H15NO2
    6-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-pyridin-3-ol
    —— (3-Allyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl)formamide 1201633-46-6 C12H15NO3
    (3-Allyl-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl)formamide
    —— 5-[1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-methoxy-3-phenyl-1,5-dihydropyrrol-2-one 1202075-94-2 C18H15NO3
    5-[1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-methoxy-3-phenyl-1,5-dihydropyrrol-2-one
    —— 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3(2H)-carboxamide 1190129-01-1 C13H13N5O2S2
    2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3(2H)-carboxamide
    —— 2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-dienyl]acetonitrile 1178546-47-8 C16H17NO3
    2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-dienyl]acetonitrile
    —— Dopexamin hydrochloride 86484-91-5 C22H33ClN2O2
    Dopexamin hydrochloride
    —— (S)-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-(S)-piperidin-2-yl-acetic acid methyl ester; hydrochloride 54593-35-0 C14H19NO3
    (S)-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-(S)-piperidin-2-yl-acetic acid methyl ester; hydrochloride
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-N-tetradecylbenzamide 124071-17-6 C21H34N2O4
    2-hydroxy-5-nitro-N-tetradecylbenzamide
    —— (+/-)-Th 1206 18866-78-9 C12H19NO3*H
    (+/-)-Th 1206
    —— N-dodecyl-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide 124071-21-2 C19H30N2O4
    N-dodecyl-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-N-tetradecylbenzamide 124071-19-8 C21H33ClN2O4
    5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-N-tetradecylbenzamide
    —— Deterenol, (R)- 29170-05-6 C11H17NO2
    Deterenol, (R)-
    —— 5-<6-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)hexyl>-3-methyl-2-dihydrofuranone 81464-94-0 C17H24O4
    5-<6-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)hexyl>-3-methyl-2-dihydrofuranone
    —— 1-Ethyl-1-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-3-(2-phenylethyl)thiourea 545442-99-7 C21H28N2O2S
    1-Ethyl-1-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-3-(2-phenylethyl)thiourea
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-[5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl]-phenol 916165-29-2 C18H18N2O5S
    2-Methoxy-5-[5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-[1,2,3]thiadiazol-4-yl]-phenol
    —— 4-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole 1141896-17-4 C15H11ClN2O3S
    4-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole
    —— (R)-ypaoamide 1190851-15-0 C26H36N2O5
    (R)-ypaoamide
    —— 5-[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid ethyl ester 1189360-75-5 C14H15NO5
    5-[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 3,5-Dideuterio-4-hydroxy-2,6-bis(trideuteriomethyl)benzonitrile 1207102-01-9 C9H9NO
    3,5-Dideuterio-4-hydroxy-2,6-bis(trideuteriomethyl)benzonitrile
    —— 3-fluoro-5-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]phenol 1193524-77-4 C16H11FO2S
    3-fluoro-5-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]phenol