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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2E)-4-[[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid 1195352-64-7 C11H11NO4
    (2E)-4-[[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino]-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid
    —— (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 1067559-80-1 C17H18O3S
    (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-[1-[(3-Methylcyclohexyl)amino]ethyl]phenol 1218381-06-6 C15H23NO
    2-[1-[(3-Methylcyclohexyl)amino]ethyl]phenol
    —— Finalgon 93746-32-8 C29H44N2O6
    Finalgon
    —— 3,6-Dichloro-4-(triphenylmethyl)benzene-1,2-diol 93374-03-9 C25H18Cl2O2
    3,6-Dichloro-4-(triphenylmethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2,6-Bis[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexadeuterio-2-(trideuteriomethyl)propan-2-yl]-4-methoxyphenol 1185162-50-8 C15H24O2
    2,6-Bis[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexadeuterio-2-(trideuteriomethyl)propan-2-yl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-Ethylcatechol-d5 1189508-64-2 C8H10O2
    4-Ethylcatechol-d5
    —— 1,2-Dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 21303-52-6 C15H11N5O7S
    1,2-Dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3-(4-Methyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)phenol 868260-19-9 C10H12N2O
    3-(4-Methyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 7,7-dimethylbicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-2-ol 499236-24-7 C10H12O
    7,7-dimethylbicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-2-ol
    —— 2-[(E)-Ethylideneamino]benzene-1,4-diol 612070-32-3 C8H9NO2
    2-[(E)-Ethylideneamino]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 1,2-benzenediol,4-[(S)hydroxy-(2s)-2-piperidinylmethyl]- —— C12H17NO3
    1,2-benzenediol,4-[(S)hydroxy-(2s)-2-piperidinylmethyl]-
    —— 4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(2-methyl-oxiranyl)-ethyl]-benzene-1,3-diol 433955-14-7 C11H14O4
    4-[1-Hydroxy-2-(2-methyl-oxiranyl)-ethyl]-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2,6-Dichloro-3,4-dihydroxybenzonitrile 38902-70-4 C7H3Cl2NO2
    2,6-Dichloro-3,4-dihydroxybenzonitrile
    —— 3-(Difluoromethyl)-4-ethoxy-2-fluorophenol 667899-92-5 C9H9F3O2
    3-(Difluoromethyl)-4-ethoxy-2-fluorophenol
    —— 3-Amino-2-chloro-6-methoxyphenol 526217-43-6 C7H8ClNO2
    3-Amino-2-chloro-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-amino-5-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenol 912951-02-1 C7H8FNO2
    4-amino-5-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— N-(p-hydroxyphenethyl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)propenamide 1184635-37-7 C13H17NO4S
    N-(p-hydroxyphenethyl)-3-(methylsulfonyl)propenamide
    —— 3-(8-Ethoxy-[1,3,4]thiadiazino[6,5-b]indol-3-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1223440-56-9 C21H18N4O4S2
    3-(8-Ethoxy-[1,3,4]thiadiazino[6,5-b]indol-3-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(8-methoxy-[1,3,4]thiadiazino[6,5-b]indol-3-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1223440-52-5 C20H16N4O4S2
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(8-methoxy-[1,3,4]thiadiazino[6,5-b]indol-3-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(Aminomethyl)-6-bromo-4-chloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenol;hydrochloride 38900-10-6 C9H11BrClNO3*ClH
    2-(Aminomethyl)-6-bromo-4-chloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenol;hydrochloride
    —— 2-(Aminomethyl)-6-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol;hydrochloride 52780-55-9 C11H15NO2*ClH
    2-(Aminomethyl)-6-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol;hydrochloride
    —— 2-Aminomethyl-3,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-phenol; hydrochloride 52780-56-0 C8H9Cl2NO2*ClH
    2-Aminomethyl-3,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-phenol; hydrochloride
    —— 2-(Aminomethyl)-4-chloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenol;hydrochloride 51570-93-5 C9H12ClNO3*ClH
    2-(Aminomethyl)-4-chloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenol;hydrochloride
    —— 4-[(E)-3-amino-1-fluoroprop-1-en-2-yl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride 85278-54-2 C9H10FNO2*ClH
    4-[(E)-3-amino-1-fluoroprop-1-en-2-yl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride
    —— 2-(Aminomethyl)-4-chloro-6-iodo-3,5-dimethoxyphenol;hydrochloride 75552-16-8 C9H11ClINO3*ClH
    2-(Aminomethyl)-4-chloro-6-iodo-3,5-dimethoxyphenol;hydrochloride
    —— 2-(Aminomethyl)-6-chloro-4-ethoxyphenol;hydrochloride 75552-01-1 C9H12ClNO2*ClH
    2-(Aminomethyl)-6-chloro-4-ethoxyphenol;hydrochloride
    —— 2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyanilino)-5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]pyrimido[4,5-d]azepin-6-one 1215292-48-0 C17H12ClN5O2
    2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyanilino)-5,7-dihydro-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]pyrimido[4,5-d]azepin-6-one
    —— ((12,32,52,72-Tetrahydroxy-2,4,6,8-tetrathia-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-15,35,55,75-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetrakis(phosphonic acid) 1208334-97-7 C28H28O16P4S4
    ((12,32,52,72-Tetrahydroxy-2,4,6,8-tetrathia-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-15,35,55,75-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetrakis(phosphonic acid)
    —— Methyl 2-(3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetate 1072150-33-4 C10H13NO4
    Methyl 2-(3-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 2-Amino-6,7-dihydro-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)selenazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-5(4H)-one 1190006-10-0 C14H15N3O4Se
    2-Amino-6,7-dihydro-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)selenazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-5(4H)-one
    —— (5R,7R)-5,7-di[1-(tert-butyl)-1,1-dimethylsilyl]oxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)icosan-3-ol 1218936-79-8 C38H74O4Si2
    (5R,7R)-5,7-di[1-(tert-butyl)-1,1-dimethylsilyl]oxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)icosan-3-ol
    —— 4-(2-{[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1215018-68-0 C15H13F3N2O4
    4-(2-{[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3-(4-Chloro-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-7-methylsulfanyl-5-oxo-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile 1223515-84-1 C15H10ClN3O2S2
    3-(4-Chloro-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-7-methylsulfanyl-5-oxo-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile
    —— (S)-N-(methanesulfonyl)homotyrosinol 1221741-06-5 C11H17NO4S
    (S)-N-(methanesulfonyl)homotyrosinol
    —— (1R,10S,12S,14E,16S,19R,20S,21S,22S)-3-hydroxy-6-(methoxymethoxy)-5,10,12,14,16,20,22-heptamethyl-21-triethylsilyloxy-23-oxatricyclo[17.3.1.02,7]tricosa-2,4,6,14-tetraen-9-one 1220044-81-4 C37H62O6Si
    (1R,10S,12S,14E,16S,19R,20S,21S,22S)-3-hydroxy-6-(methoxymethoxy)-5,10,12,14,16,20,22-heptamethyl-21-triethylsilyloxy-23-oxatricyclo[17.3.1.02,7]tricosa-2,4,6,14-tetraen-9-one
    —— Ethyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)oxolane-3-sulfonate 1226999-28-5 C12H16O5S
    Ethyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)oxolane-3-sulfonate
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl-2-chloroacetate 62100-14-5 C10H11ClO3
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl-2-chloroacetate
    —— 2-(5-((tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)methyl)-4-methoxy-2-(methoxymethoxy)phenyl)ethanol 1227484-34-5 C18H32O5Si
    2-(5-((tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)methyl)-4-methoxy-2-(methoxymethoxy)phenyl)ethanol
    —— 2-Chloro-5-(prop-2-ynyliminomethyl)phenol 1228275-49-7 C10H8ClNO
    2-Chloro-5-(prop-2-ynyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 4-chloro-6-(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 1228321-13-8 C11H13ClO3
    4-chloro-6-(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-(tetrahydrothiophen-3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 1228321-11-6 C10H12O2S
    4-(tetrahydrothiophen-3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-fluoro-6-(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 1228321-14-9 C11H13FO3
    4-fluoro-6-(tetrahydropyran-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 1228321-10-5 C10H12O3
    4-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (2E)-1-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-furanyl)-2-propen-1-one 1207843-51-3 C14H12O5
    (2E)-1-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-furanyl)-2-propen-1-one
    —— 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-pyridin-3-ylthieno[2,3-b]pyrrolizin-8-one 1200638-98-7 C21H14N2O3S
    3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-pyridin-3-ylthieno[2,3-b]pyrrolizin-8-one
    —— 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-bromothieno[2,3-b]pyrrolizin-8-one 1200638-80-7 C16H10BrNO3S
    3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-bromothieno[2,3-b]pyrrolizin-8-one
    —— 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-amine 1149641-47-3 C19H20N2O6
    3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-amine
    —— N-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)acetamide 1149641-71-3 C21H22N2O7
    N-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)acetamide
    —— 3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 1222181-76-1 C17H13BrO4
    3-(4-bromophenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one