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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(1-Hydroxy-2-{[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino}ethyl)benzene-1,3-diol 66997-95-3 C15H17NO4
    5-(1-Hydroxy-2-{[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]amino}ethyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-{1-Hydroxy-2-[(pentan-3-yl)amino]butyl}benzene-1,2-diol 67230-42-6 C15H25NO3
    4-{1-Hydroxy-2-[(pentan-3-yl)amino]butyl}benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 4-(Methylsulfanyl)-2-nitro-6-(propan-2-yl)phenol 66760-05-2 C10H13NO3S
    4-(Methylsulfanyl)-2-nitro-6-(propan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-Anilino-2-nitrophenol 670234-45-4 C12H10N2O3
    3-Anilino-2-nitrophenol
    —— 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-(pent-1-EN-1-YL)phenol 666849-01-0 C13H18O3
    2,6-Dimethoxy-4-(pent-1-EN-1-YL)phenol
    —— 2-[Bis(2-ethoxyethyl)phosphanyl]-4-ethoxyphenol 668430-20-4 C16H27O4P
    2-[Bis(2-ethoxyethyl)phosphanyl]-4-ethoxyphenol
    —— N-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-N',N''-diphenylguanidine 668454-76-0 C19H17N3O
    N-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-N',N''-diphenylguanidine
    —— 3,5-dihydroxy-1-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-benzene 66527-76-2 C10H12O2S2
    3,5-dihydroxy-1-(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-benzene
    —— Acetic acid--4-bromobenzene-1,2-diol (2/1) 66373-95-3 C10H13BrO6
    Acetic acid--4-bromobenzene-1,2-diol (2/1)
    —— Acetic acid--4-(dichloromethyl)phenol (1/1) 66146-80-3 C9H10Cl2O3
    Acetic acid--4-(dichloromethyl)phenol (1/1)
    —— 3-(2-Methylindolizin-3-yl)propan-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 65548-81-4 C18H19N5O7
    3-(2-Methylindolizin-3-yl)propan-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]urea 65758-38-5 C8H10N2O3
    N-[(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]urea
    —— 2-Decylphenol;phosphorous acid 65744-49-2 C48H81O6P
    2-Decylphenol;phosphorous acid
    —— 5-[2-[Butyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol;hydrochloride 65340-89-8 C16H28ClNO2
    5-[2-[Butyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol;hydrochloride
    —— [1-Amino-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl](hydroxy)oxophosphanium 65630-18-4 C8H11NO4P+
    [1-Amino-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl](hydroxy)oxophosphanium
    —— (4-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethylphenyl)(dimethyl)selanium chloride 65325-89-5 C10H15OSe*Cl
    (4-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethylphenyl)(dimethyl)selanium chloride
    —— 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[2-(dibutylamino)ethyl]-, hydrobromide 65273-67-8 C16H28BrNO2
    1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[2-(dibutylamino)ethyl]-, hydrobromide
    —— 4-[2-[Butyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol;hydrochloride 65340-88-7 C16H28ClNO2
    4-[2-[Butyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol;hydrochloride
    —— 4-[2-(Diethylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrobromide 65273-65-6 C12H20BrNO2
    4-[2-(Diethylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrobromide
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid 65113-60-2 C9H12O8S2
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-disulfonic acid 65113-62-4 C10H14O8S2
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-disulfonic acid
    —— Benzene-1,2-diol;methanesulfonic acid;methylcarbamic acid 64931-00-6 C9H15NO7S
    Benzene-1,2-diol;methanesulfonic acid;methylcarbamic acid
    —— N,N'-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylene]di(prop-2-enamide) 6476-33-1 C13H14N2O3
    N,N'-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methylene]di(prop-2-enamide)
    —— S-[(4-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl] ethylcarbamothioate 64917-80-2 C10H12ClNO2S
    S-[(4-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl] ethylcarbamothioate
    —— ethyl olivetolate 64794-01-0 C13H18O4
    ethyl olivetolate
    —— 3-[(1E)-N-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanimidoyl]oxolan-2-one 64745-30-8 C13H15NO3
    3-[(1E)-N-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanimidoyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Docosylbenzene-1,3-diol 64645-62-1 C28H50O2
    5-Docosylbenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 5-(2-aminoethyl)-6-methylbenzene-1,2,4-triol 64632-43-5 C9H13NO3
    5-(2-aminoethyl)-6-methylbenzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— 4-[2-Hydroxy-3-(methylamino)propoxy]benzene-1,2-diol 64309-36-0 C10H15NO4
    4-[2-Hydroxy-3-(methylamino)propoxy]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— Acetic acid;4-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dienyl]-2-methoxyphenol 63644-73-5 C23H28O8
    Acetic acid;4-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dienyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--4-ethoxyfuro[3,2-c]pyridine (1/1) 63618-68-8 C15H12N4O9
    2,4,6-Trinitrophenol--4-ethoxyfuro[3,2-c]pyridine (1/1)
    —— 4-(2,4-diamino-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-2-methoxy-6-methyl-phenol 63488-96-0 C13H16N4O2
    4-(2,4-diamino-pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)-2-methoxy-6-methyl-phenol
    —— 5-[(2,4-Diaminopyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]benzene-1,2,3-triol 63618-50-8 C11H12N4O3
    5-[(2,4-Diaminopyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]benzene-1,2,3-triol
    —— 5-[(3-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 63368-98-9 C11H13NO5
    5-[(3-Hydroxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— 4-(1-Ethoxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenol 63347-92-2 C12H18O3
    4-(1-Ethoxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(8',11'-Diepoxypentadecyl)-phenol 63284-28-6 C21H32O3
    3-(8',11'-Diepoxypentadecyl)-phenol
    —— 3H-isoindol-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 63027-10-1 C14H11N5O7
    3H-isoindol-1-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— Benzoic acid;4-chloro-3-methoxyphenol 63014-41-5 C14H13ClO4
    Benzoic acid;4-chloro-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[1-(3-Pyridin-2-ylpiperidin-1-yl)sulfanylpiperidin-3-yl]pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 63095-05-6 C26H29N7O7S
    2-[1-(3-Pyridin-2-ylpiperidin-1-yl)sulfanylpiperidin-3-yl]pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-Benzyl-3-methylpyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 63065-78-1 C19H16N4O7
    2-Benzyl-3-methylpyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3-(5-Methylpyridin-2-yl)butan-2-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 62740-47-0 C16H16N4O8
    3-(5-Methylpyridin-2-yl)butan-2-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3-(Cyclopent-1-en-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 62922-40-1 C11H12O2
    3-(Cyclopent-1-en-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(5-methoxy-2,3-dimethyl-3<i>H</i>-indol-3-ylmethyl)-phenol 62674-37-7 C19H21NO3
    2-methoxy-4-(5-methoxy-2,3-dimethyl-3<i>H</i>-indol-3-ylmethyl)-phenol
    —— Phosphorous acid--2,4-dibutylphenol (1/3) 676591-69-8 C42H69O6P
    Phosphorous acid--2,4-dibutylphenol (1/3)
    —— 2,3-Dimethoxyphenol;methylcarbamic acid 670-33-7 C10H15NO5
    2,3-Dimethoxyphenol;methylcarbamic acid
    —— 4-hydroxy-N,N-diethyl mexiletine 656823-29-9 C15H25NO2
    4-hydroxy-N,N-diethyl mexiletine
    —— 2-Chloro-5-[4-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-4-fluorophenol 653569-95-0 C10H3Cl2F4NO2
    2-Chloro-5-[4-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-4-fluorophenol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-one 652159-26-7 C22H28N2O3
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-one
    —— 4-[1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenol 648921-95-3 C15H16O3
    4-[1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]phenol
    —— 2-(Benzyloxy)-3-bromo-5-hydroxybenzaldehyde 647858-59-1 C14H11BrO3
    2-(Benzyloxy)-3-bromo-5-hydroxybenzaldehyde