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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid;pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 646534-75-0 C13H9N3O9
    2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid;pyridine-4-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid;pyridine-4-carbonitrile 646534-74-9 C13H8N4O7
    2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid;pyridine-4-carbonitrile
    —— 2-(Chloromethyl)benzene-1,3-diol 646474-96-6 C7H7ClO2
    2-(Chloromethyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)benzene-1,3-diol 646475-00-5 C8H8Cl2O2
    2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— N'-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N,N-dimethylmethanimidamide 64452-09-1 C9H10ClN3O3
    N'-(5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N,N-dimethylmethanimidamide
    —— 5-butyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 64319-87-5 C14H18N4O7
    5-butyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— [(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl](tetradecyl)sulfanium bromide 63942-01-8 C21H37BrOS
    [(4-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl](tetradecyl)sulfanium bromide
    —— 6-amino-1H-pyrimidine-2-thione;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 64068-57-1 C10H8N6O7S
    6-amino-1H-pyrimidine-2-thione;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2-Methoxyphenol;phosphoric acid 64120-92-9 C21H27O10P
    2-Methoxyphenol;phosphoric acid
    —— Decyl[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]sulfanium bromide 63942-00-7 C17H29BrOS
    Decyl[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]sulfanium bromide
    —— Methyl-(4,6-di-tert.-butyl)-pyrogallylphosphit 64000-93-7 C15H23O4P
    Methyl-(4,6-di-tert.-butyl)-pyrogallylphosphit
    —— 3,3'-Disulfanediylbis(2,4,6-trichlorophenol) 63478-45-5 C12H4Cl6O2S2
    3,3'-Disulfanediylbis(2,4,6-trichlorophenol)
    —— Acetic acid;5-methyl-2-(2,6,6-trimethyloxan-2-yl)phenol 63023-53-0 C17H26O4
    Acetic acid;5-methyl-2-(2,6,6-trimethyloxan-2-yl)phenol
    —— benzene-1,3,5-triol;benzoic acid 62939-02-0 C20H18O7
    benzene-1,3,5-triol;benzoic acid
    —— Pentafluorophenol--phenol (1/1) 630426-85-6 C12H7F5O2
    Pentafluorophenol--phenol (1/1)
    —— 2-Butan-2-yl-3-ethylaziridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 62676-74-8 C14H20N4O7
    2-Butan-2-yl-3-ethylaziridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2,3-Bis(diethylamino)propan-1-ol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 62689-62-7 C23H32N8O15
    2,3-Bis(diethylamino)propan-1-ol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2,3-Bis(dimethylamino)propan-1-ol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 62689-61-6 C19H24N8O15
    2,3-Bis(dimethylamino)propan-1-ol;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— Acetic acid--2,3,6-trimethylphenol (1/1) 62687-45-0 C11H16O3
    Acetic acid--2,3,6-trimethylphenol (1/1)
    —— 2,5-Dibromo-3-methyl-4-(pentan-2-yl)phenol 62621-93-6 C12H16Br2O
    2,5-Dibromo-3-methyl-4-(pentan-2-yl)phenol
    —— S-Ethyl (3-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ylcarbamothioate 62603-81-0 C12H17NO2S
    S-Ethyl (3-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ylcarbamothioate
    —— 4,6-Bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 62566-43-2 C16H22O2
    4,6-Bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-Fluorophenol--benzene (1/1) 62576-77-6 C12H11FO
    4-Fluorophenol--benzene (1/1)
    —— Acetonitrile;4-fluorophenol 62576-88-9 C8H8FNO
    Acetonitrile;4-fluorophenol
    —— 5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 62578-48-7 C18H12N4O7
    5H-indeno[1,2-b]pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-(Hex-3-en-2-yl)-2-methylphenol 62536-93-0 C13H18O
    4-(Hex-3-en-2-yl)-2-methylphenol
    —— 2,4,6-Tris(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol 62566-44-3 C21H30O2
    2,4,6-Tris(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 5-Methyl-2-(pent-2-EN-1-YL)phenol 62536-87-2 C12H16O
    5-Methyl-2-(pent-2-EN-1-YL)phenol
    —— 2-Chlor-6-sec-hexyl-p-cresol 2502-79-6 C13H19ClO
    2-Chlor-6-sec-hexyl-p-cresol
    —— 2-Brom-1-hydroxy-4-sec-pentyl-benzol 62524-22-5 C11H15BrO
    2-Brom-1-hydroxy-4-sec-pentyl-benzol
    —— 2-Brom-6-sec-heptyl-p-cresol 2502-73-0 C14H21BrO
    2-Brom-6-sec-heptyl-p-cresol
    —— 2-(Hex-2-EN-1-YL)-5-methylphenol 62536-91-8 C13H18O
    2-(Hex-2-EN-1-YL)-5-methylphenol
    —— 2-(Hex-3-en-2-yl)phenol 62536-89-4 C12H16O
    2-(Hex-3-en-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-(Hex-3-en-2-yl)-3-methylphenol 62536-90-7 C13H18O
    4-(Hex-3-en-2-yl)-3-methylphenol
    —— 2-Chloro-4-(hexan-2-YL)-5-methylphenol 62506-55-2 C13H19ClO
    2-Chloro-4-(hexan-2-YL)-5-methylphenol
    —— Diphenyl-phosphinic acid 2-hydroxy-6-methyl-phenyl ester 62451-31-4 C19H17O3P
    Diphenyl-phosphinic acid 2-hydroxy-6-methyl-phenyl ester
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl diphenylphosphinate 62451-32-5 C19H17O3P
    2-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl diphenylphosphinate
    —— 2-methyl-6-(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1-oxo-1λ<sup>5</sup>-phosphetan-1-yloxy)-phenol 62451-27-8 C14H21O3P
    2-methyl-6-(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1-oxo-1λ<sup>5</sup>-phosphetan-1-yloxy)-phenol
    —— Acetic acid;4-(1,3-benzodithiol-2-yl)-2,6-dimethylphenol 62432-89-7 C17H18O3S2
    Acetic acid;4-(1,3-benzodithiol-2-yl)-2,6-dimethylphenol
    —— N-[2-(2-Aminophenyl)ethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzamide 62416-94-8 C16H18N2O3
    N-[2-(2-Aminophenyl)ethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzamide
    —— 4-(3-Hydroxyprop-1-EN-1-YL)-2,6-dinitrophenol 62427-68-3 C9H8N2O6
    4-(3-Hydroxyprop-1-EN-1-YL)-2,6-dinitrophenol
    —— 4-(3-Hydroxyprop-1-EN-1-YL)-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenol 62427-65-0 C10H11IO3
    4-(3-Hydroxyprop-1-EN-1-YL)-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(11-Chloro-undecyl)-6-(11-hydroxy-undecyl)-benzene-1,2-diol 62422-72-4 C28H49ClO3
    3-(11-Chloro-undecyl)-6-(11-hydroxy-undecyl)-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— N-[2-(2-Aminophenyl)ethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide 62416-93-7 C17H20N2O3
    N-[2-(2-Aminophenyl)ethyl]-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide
    —— 2-(3-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethylbut-1-en-1-yl)-6-methoxyphenol 62399-38-6 C13H18O3
    2-(3-Hydroxy-2,3-dimethylbut-1-en-1-yl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(1-Methylazetidin-3-yl)pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 62247-34-1 C21H18N8O14
    3-(1-Methylazetidin-3-yl)pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-{2-[(Z)-4-Amino-phenylimino]-propyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 62255-37-2 C16H18N2O2
    4-{2-[(Z)-4-Amino-phenylimino]-propyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2,3,5,6,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-indolizin-7-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 62240-41-9 C14H16N4O8
    2,3,5,6,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-indolizin-7-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 5-[(2,2-Dimethylpentyl)oxy]benzene-1,3-diol 62191-54-2 C13H20O3
    5-[(2,2-Dimethylpentyl)oxy]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 5-[(2-Ethylhexyl)oxy]benzene-1,3-diol 62191-55-3 C14H22O3
    5-[(2-Ethylhexyl)oxy]benzene-1,3-diol