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有机硫化合物

有机硫化合物是指含有硫原子的有机化合物。这些化合物在自然界中广泛存在,在医药、农药和材料科学等领域有着重要的应用。有机硫化合物因其化学性质独特,在药物设计、合成化学以及材料制备方面扮演着重要角色。

1. 结构与分类

有机硫化合物可以按硫的连接方式分为饱和和不饱和类,如二硫化物、噻吩衍生物、砜等。常见的结构类型有:

  • 二硫化物:含-S-S-键的化合物。
  • 硫醚(Thiols):含有-R-S-H或-R-S-R 基团的化合物。
  • 磺酸酯(Sulfonates)与磺酸盐(Sulfonates):带有-SO3H基团的化合物,广泛应用于合成和制药领域。
  • 噻吩及其衍生物:具有环状结构的有机硫化物。
2. 生物学活性

许多有机硫化合物在生物学上有重要功能或应用潜力。例如:

  • 某些硫醚类药物被用于抗真菌、抗菌以及抗癌治疗。
  • 硫代葡萄糖苷(Glycosinolate)是十字花科植物中的一种天然存在物质,具有生物活性。
3. 合成方法

有机硫化合物可通过多种途径合成:

  • 亲核取代反应:使用含硫试剂与卤化物进行反应。
  • 自由基加成法:采用氧化剂引发自由基形成,通过烯烃与H2S、R-S-H等反应制备。
  • 金属催化转化:利用钯、铜等催化剂促进特定硫化过程。
4. 应用领域

有机硫化合物的应用广泛:

  • 医药领域:用于开发抗菌剂、抗病毒药物及抗癌药物等。
  • 农学研究:某些有机硫化合物作为生物农药的有效成分,能够抑制病害的发生。
  • 材料科学与技术:在导电聚合物和塑料添加剂中有重要应用。
5. 环境与安全性

尽管有机硫化合物具有许多潜在益处,但其生产和使用也可能对环境造成影响。因此,在设计和合成这些化合物时需要考虑可持续性和环保性因素。

以上是对有机硫化合物的简单介绍,包括它们的结构、生物学活性、合成方法及其应用领域等基本信息。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— 1-[6-methyl-4-(4-phenylsulfanyl-phenyl)-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-5-yl]-ethanone 1173658-64-4 C19H18N2OS2
1-[6-methyl-4-(4-phenylsulfanyl-phenyl)-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-5-yl]-ethanone
—— 3-Chloro-2-(phenylthio)butadiene 85972-11-8 C10H9ClS
3-Chloro-2-(phenylthio)butadiene
—— 1-(butylsulfinyl)-4-isothiocyanatobutane 1414792-97-4 C9H17NOS2
1-(butylsulfinyl)-4-isothiocyanatobutane
—— 2,2-Bis-((E)-5-phenylsulfanyl-pent-3-enyl)-cyclopentanone 225933-30-2 C27H32OS2
2,2-Bis-((E)-5-phenylsulfanyl-pent-3-enyl)-cyclopentanone
—— <i>N</i>-ethyl-2-(4<i>H</i>-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-acetamide 24706-63-6 C6H10N4OS
<i>N</i>-ethyl-2-(4<i>H</i>-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-acetamide
—— 1-(o-Aethylthiobenzyl)-1-methylhydrazin 33390-67-9 C10H16N2S
1-(o-Aethylthiobenzyl)-1-methylhydrazin
—— 1-isothiocyanato-4-(propylsulfinyl)butane 1414791-70-0 C8H15NOS2
1-isothiocyanato-4-(propylsulfinyl)butane
—— 6-[(7H-Purin-6-yl)sulfanyl]-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione 6143-37-9 C8H5N7O2S
6-[(7H-Purin-6-yl)sulfanyl]-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione
—— Benzyl-(2-isopropylsulfanyl-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-amine 154496-66-9 C15H19N3S
Benzyl-(2-isopropylsulfanyl-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-amine
—— 4-Butylsulfanylbutan-1-amine 1155979-22-8 C8H19NS
4-Butylsulfanylbutan-1-amine
—— 4-Ethylsulfanyl-butylamine 960495-26-5 C6H15NS
4-Ethylsulfanyl-butylamine
—— 4-Isobutylsulfanyl-butylamine 1157041-58-1 C8H19NS
4-Isobutylsulfanyl-butylamine
—— ethyl(4-isothiocyanatobutyl)sulfane 1414792-60-1 C7H13NS2
ethyl(4-isothiocyanatobutyl)sulfane
—— 1-(ethylsulfinyl)-4-isothiocyanatobutane 1356472-63-3 C7H13NOS2
1-(ethylsulfinyl)-4-isothiocyanatobutane
—— 4-Propylsulfanyl-butylamine 1153080-48-8 C7H17NS
4-Propylsulfanyl-butylamine
—— ((4-isothiocyanatobutyl)sulfinyl)cyclopentane 1414791-79-9 C10H17NOS2
((4-isothiocyanatobutyl)sulfinyl)cyclopentane
—— [4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-pyrazin-2-yl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl]-acetic acid ethyl ester 717847-09-1 C12H15N5O3S
[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5-pyrazin-2-yl-4H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl]-acetic acid ethyl ester
—— isopropyl(4-isothiocyanatobutyl)sulfane 1414792-67-8 C8H15NS2
isopropyl(4-isothiocyanatobutyl)sulfane
—— 1-(isobutylsulfinyl)-4-isothiocyanatobutane 1414791-77-7 C9H17NOS2
1-(isobutylsulfinyl)-4-isothiocyanatobutane
—— 1-(isopropylsulfinyl)-4-isothiocyanatobutane 1414791-73-3 C8H15NOS2
1-(isopropylsulfinyl)-4-isothiocyanatobutane
—— 4-Isopropylsulfanyl-butylamine 1183033-18-2 C7H17NS
4-Isopropylsulfanyl-butylamine
—— 1-(isopropylsulfinyl)-6-isothiocyanatohexane 1414792-11-2 C10H19NOS2
1-(isopropylsulfinyl)-6-isothiocyanatohexane
—— 5-(benzylthio)-1-methyl-tetrazole 56610-79-8 C9H10N4S
5-(benzylthio)-1-methyl-tetrazole
—— 1-(isopropylsulfinyl)-5-isothiocyanatopentane 1414792-08-7 C9H17NOS2
1-(isopropylsulfinyl)-5-isothiocyanatopentane
—— 4,4'-dimethoxy-3,3'-diquinolinyl sulfide 156635-82-4 C20H16N2O2S
4,4'-dimethoxy-3,3'-diquinolinyl sulfide
—— 6-anilino-2-methylthio-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine 1015763-70-8 C11H11N3OS
6-anilino-2-methylthio-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine
—— N-Cyclohexyl-N'-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-thioharnstoff 15580-30-0 C11H23N3S
N-Cyclohexyl-N'-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-thioharnstoff
—— 1-Propylsulfonyl-3,3-dimethyl-butan 91391-45-6 C9H20O2S
1-Propylsulfonyl-3,3-dimethyl-butan
—— (3-Chloro-2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentan-3-yl)sulfanyl thiohypochlorite 79991-64-3 C9H18Cl2S2
(3-Chloro-2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentan-3-yl)sulfanyl thiohypochlorite
—— 3-chloromethylsulfanyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-pentane 61258-98-8 C10H21ClS
3-chloromethylsulfanyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-pentane
—— methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl sulfide 5187-55-3 C3H5F3S
methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl sulfide
—— 2,2,3,4,4-pentamethyl-pentane-3-thiol 65566-32-7 C10H22S
2,2,3,4,4-pentamethyl-pentane-3-thiol
—— Bis(1-t-butyl-2,2-dimethylpropyl)disulfid 58712-15-5 C18H38S2
Bis(1-t-butyl-2,2-dimethylpropyl)disulfid
—— (E)-N-methylhex-4-enethioamide 110409-63-7 C7H13NS
(E)-N-methylhex-4-enethioamide
—— 4-Chloro-6-(cyclopropylamino)-2-methylsulfanylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile 171511-21-0 C9H9ClN4S
4-Chloro-6-(cyclopropylamino)-2-methylsulfanylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile
—— 4-amino-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile 33097-14-2 C6H5ClN4S
4-amino-6-chloro-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile
—— 4-chloro-2-(methylthio)-6-(3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenylamino)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile 1374157-66-0 C16H11ClN6S
4-chloro-2-(methylthio)-6-(3-(pyrimidin-2-yl)phenylamino)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile
—— 2-methylthio-4-(p-chlorophenylamino)-6-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile 192519-72-5 C12H8Cl2N4S
2-methylthio-4-(p-chlorophenylamino)-6-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile
—— 1-(1-Adamantyl)-3-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)thiourea 51334-09-9 C17H30N2O2S
1-(1-Adamantyl)-3-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)thiourea
—— bishydroxyethylthioether 112391-15-8 C4H10O4S
bishydroxyethylthioether
—— 5-chloro-1-methyl-3-(phenylthiomethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde 318234-26-3 C12H11ClN2OS
5-chloro-1-methyl-3-(phenylthiomethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde
—— 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dibromo-5-phenylthio-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 1364719-78-7 C17H13BBr2F2N2S
1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dibromo-5-phenylthio-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
—— 2-ethylsulfanyl-3<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-4-thione 99418-06-1 C6H8N2S2
2-ethylsulfanyl-3<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-4-thione
—— N'-hydroxy-2-pyridin-2-ylsulfanylethanimidamide 479080-09-6 C7H9N3OS
N'-hydroxy-2-pyridin-2-ylsulfanylethanimidamide
—— 3-Cyanomethylsulfanyl-5-propylsulfanyl-isothiazole-4-carbonitrile 135489-11-1 C9H9N3S3
3-Cyanomethylsulfanyl-5-propylsulfanyl-isothiazole-4-carbonitrile
—— 3-bromo-5-[(pyridin-2-ylthio)methyl]isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid 1027781-82-3 C10H7BrN2O3S
3-bromo-5-[(pyridin-2-ylthio)methyl]isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid
—— N-tert.-Butyl-thioformamid-S-oxid ; Tert.-butyl-thioformamino-S-oxid 19841-22-6 C5H11NOS
N-tert.-Butyl-thioformamid-S-oxid ; Tert.-butyl-thioformamino-S-oxid
—— 4-(2,6-dimethylphenylthio)butanoic acid 72462-90-9 C12H16O2S
4-(2,6-dimethylphenylthio)butanoic acid
—— (Z)-3-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)-1-phenyl-3-(phenylthio)prop-2-en-1-ol 1622445-99-1 C23H24OSSi
(Z)-3-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)-1-phenyl-3-(phenylthio)prop-2-en-1-ol
—— (S)-2-(4-Chloro-phenylsulfanyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester 199679-87-3 C11H13ClO2S
(S)-2-(4-Chloro-phenylsulfanyl)-propionic acid ethyl ester