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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-Cycloheptyl-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethylpyrazol-3-one 1402938-51-5 C19H26N2O3
    2-Cycloheptyl-5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethylpyrazol-3-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-21-6 C11H10N2O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-40-4 C17H14BrClN2O2
    1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— 1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-36-8 C17H14Cl2N2O2
    1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— 1-(5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-25-5 C18H17BrN2O2
    1-(5-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— N-[2-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]tetradecanamide 1407597-25-4 C22H37NO3
    N-[2-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]tetradecanamide
    —— 2-[3-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)propyl]benzene-1,4-diol 1413539-79-3 C13H18O3
    2-[3-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)propyl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— (5Z,5'Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-{[2-(4-{[(5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)amino]propyl}-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one 1415582-52-3 C27H25N7O4S2
    (5Z,5'Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-{[2-(4-{[(5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)amino]propyl}-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethyl]amino}-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(E)-3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-enylidene]-2-[2-[4-[2-[[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethylimino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-61-4 C28H30N6O4S2
    (5Z)-5-[(E)-3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-enylidene]-2-[2-[4-[2-[[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethylimino]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5aS,7S)-7-[1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]propan-2-yl]-3-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5aH-pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-1-one 1402354-08-8 C24H29NO5
    (5aS,7S)-7-[1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]propan-2-yl]-3-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5aH-pyrano[4,3-b]chromen-1-one
    —— 1-(5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-30-2 C17H13Br2FN2O2
    1-(5-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-pentylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-23-8 C15H18N2O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-pentylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone 1398523-33-5 C17H14ClFN2O2
    1-(5-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(p-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1-pyrazolyl)ethanone
    —— 5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-one 1402938-49-1 C15H20N2O3
    5-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-propan-2-ylpyrazol-3-one
    —— 5-bromo-6-chlorobenzene-1,2,4-triol 1365030-42-7 C6H4BrClO3
    5-bromo-6-chlorobenzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— 4-[[(4-Chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-diphenoxyphosphoryl-methyl]benzene-1,3-diol 1412906-49-0 C24H21ClN3O5P
    4-[[(4-Chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-diphenoxyphosphoryl-methyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 2-Bromo-6-ethyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 1395499-03-2 C10H10BrF3O2
    2-Bromo-6-ethyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 2-Bromo-6-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 1395499-02-1 C9H8BrF3O2
    2-Bromo-6-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-methoxy-6-(1-nitrohexan-2-yl)phenol 1393820-56-8 C13H18BrNO4
    4-bromo-2-methoxy-6-(1-nitrohexan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-[2-[Tert-butyl-bis(4-methylphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]phenol 1394170-53-6 C26H32O2Si
    4-[2-[Tert-butyl-bis(4-methylphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]phenol
    —— 4-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1394170-57-0 C25H30O3Si
    4-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 1-Amino-3-[5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]urea 1421633-75-1 C9H9N5O3
    1-Amino-3-[5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]urea
    —— [5-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]urea 1421633-64-8 C9H8N4O3
    [5-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]urea
    —— 4-(6-Methyl-1,3,6,2-dioxazaborocan-2-yl)phenol 1420860-89-4 C11H16BNO3
    4-(6-Methyl-1,3,6,2-dioxazaborocan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-[2-[2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol 1418006-02-6 C13H21NO5
    3-[2-[2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 6-[[7-Carboxy-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanylheptan-3-yl]disulfanyl]-8-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanyloctanoic acid 1417424-32-8 C32H46O10S4
    6-[[7-Carboxy-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanylheptan-3-yl]disulfanyl]-8-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanyloctanoic acid
    —— 6-[[7-Carboxy-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanylheptan-3-yl]tetrasulfanyl]-8-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanyloctanoic acid 1417424-34-0 C32H46O10S6
    6-[[7-Carboxy-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanylheptan-3-yl]tetrasulfanyl]-8-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanyloctanoic acid
    —— 6-[[7-Carboxy-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanylheptan-3-yl]trisulfanyl]-8-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanyloctanoic acid 1417424-33-9 C32H46O10S5
    6-[[7-Carboxy-1-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanylheptan-3-yl]trisulfanyl]-8-[2,3-dihydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenyl]sulfanyloctanoic acid
    —— 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-O-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-ynyl)phenol 1416005-48-5 C18H18O3
    4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-O-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-ynyl)phenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylsulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1415582-12-5 C13H13NO4S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-methylsulfanyl-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— tert-butyl N-[2-[4-[2-[[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]carbamate 1415582-57-8 C23H33N5O4S
    tert-butyl N-[2-[4-[2-[[(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]amino]ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]carbamate
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-prop-2-ynylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-48-7 C13H10N2O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-prop-2-ynylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-but-3-ynylimino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-49-8 C14H12N2O2S
    (5Z)-2-but-3-ynylimino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-2-(3-azidopropylimino)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-47-6 C13H13N5O2S
    (5Z)-2-(3-azidopropylimino)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-pent-4-ynylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-50-1 C15H14N2O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-pent-4-ynylimino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-O-(3-phenylprop-2-ynyl)phenol 1416005-51-0 C17H16O2
    4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-O-(3-phenylprop-2-ynyl)phenol
    —— (5Z)-2-(2-azidoethylimino)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1415582-46-5 C12H11N5O2S
    (5Z)-2-(2-azidoethylimino)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;(3-hydroxyphenyl)carbamodithioic acid 1414781-35-3 C6H12N2*C7H7NOS2
    1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane;(3-hydroxyphenyl)carbamodithioic acid
    —— 4-Fluoro-2-[[3-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]phenol 1417711-42-2 C18H20F2N2O2
    4-Fluoro-2-[[3-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-[[3-[(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-4-methylphenol 1417711-40-0 C20H26N2O2
    2-[[3-[(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-4-methylphenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-(2-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide 1415691-78-9 C16H16N2O3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[(E)-(2-methylphenyl)methylideneamino]benzamide
    —— N-[(E)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1415691-63-2 C15H13ClN2O3
    N-[(E)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1415691-67-6 C15H13BrN2O3
    N-[(E)-(3-bromophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— N-[(E)-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1415691-65-4 C15H12Cl2N2O3
    N-[(E)-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— N-[(E)-(3-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1415691-64-3 C15H13ClN2O3
    N-[(E)-(3-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[[3-[(3-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-3,5-dimethylphenol 1417711-46-6 C22H28Cl2N2O2
    4-Chloro-2-[[3-[(3-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[[3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]phenol 1417711-43-3 C18H20Cl2N2O2
    4-Chloro-2-[[3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]phenol
    —— 2,2'-[1,3-Diazinane-1,3-diylbis(methylene)]bis(4-bromophenol) 1376003-69-8 C18H20Br2N2O2
    2,2'-[1,3-Diazinane-1,3-diylbis(methylene)]bis(4-bromophenol)
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[[3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-5-methylphenol 1417711-45-5 C20H24Cl2N2O2
    4-Chloro-2-[[3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-5-methylphenol
    —— N-[(E)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide 1415691-61-0 C15H13FN2O3
    N-[(E)-(4-fluorophenyl)methylideneamino]-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide