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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic Acid-d5 929709-59-1 C8H7NO5
    4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic Acid-d5
    —— 4-Hydroxy Kresoxim-methyl Carboxylic Acid 1639810-29-9 C17H17NO5
    4-Hydroxy Kresoxim-methyl Carboxylic Acid
    —— Nifursol-15N2,d2 —— C12H7N5O9
    Nifursol-15N2,d2
    —— Rimiterol-d4 Hydrobromide —— C12H18BrNO3
    Rimiterol-d4 Hydrobromide
    —— 1-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]-N,N-dimethylformamide 1384430-11-8 C10H13NO3S
    1-[(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]-N,N-dimethylformamide
    —— 2-Chloro-4-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)phenol 1423027-67-1 C12H17ClO3
    2-Chloro-4-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)phenol
    —— (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-2-yl)allyl)phenol 1444826-82-7 C16H23BO4
    (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane-2-yl)allyl)phenol
    —— 28-Hydroxy-2,8,14,20-tetramethyl-2,8,14,20,25,26,27-heptazapentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-5-carbonitrile 1446556-65-5 C26H24N8O
    28-Hydroxy-2,8,14,20-tetramethyl-2,8,14,20,25,26,27-heptazapentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-5-carbonitrile
    —— 3-(1-Methylpyrrol-2-yl)pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 35607-18-2 C16H13N5O7
    3-(1-Methylpyrrol-2-yl)pyridine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 10,21-Ditert-butyl-3,4,5,14,15,16-hexazapentacyclo[17.3.1.13,6.18,12.114,17]hexacosa-1(22),4,6(26),8(25),9,11,15,17(24),19(23),20-decaene-23,25-diol 1449313-93-2 C28H34N6O2
    10,21-Ditert-butyl-3,4,5,14,15,16-hexazapentacyclo[17.3.1.13,6.18,12.114,17]hexacosa-1(22),4,6(26),8(25),9,11,15,17(24),19(23),20-decaene-23,25-diol
    —— 2-Tert-butyl-4-methoxy-6-[[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenol 1442651-34-4 C25H31N3O2
    2-Tert-butyl-4-methoxy-6-[[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 2-[[Bis[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]amino]methyl]-6-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol 1442651-36-6 C26H33N3O2
    2-[[Bis[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]amino]methyl]-6-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethynyl]-4-nitrophenol 1447448-24-9 C14H8FNO3
    2-[2-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethynyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 1-[(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)butan-2-yl]urea 1424379-31-6 C17H22FN3O2
    1-[(3-Fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-[4-(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)butan-2-yl]urea
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-pyridin-3-ylprop-2-en-1-one 878581-39-6 C15H13NO3
    1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-pyridin-3-ylprop-2-en-1-one
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 2-(5-oxo-5H-indeno[2,1-e]-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)hydrazone 832677-58-4 C18H13N5O3
    3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 2-(5-oxo-5H-indeno[2,1-e]-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)hydrazone
    —— 3-(Aminomethyl)-5-nitrophenol 1261852-63-4 C7H8N2O3
    3-(Aminomethyl)-5-nitrophenol
    —— (3aR,7S,7aS)-3-[(3-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-7-[(3-fluoro-5-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methyl]-4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-thiopyrano[3,4-d][1,3]oxazol-2-one 1455446-33-9 C24H27FN2O5S
    (3aR,7S,7aS)-3-[(3-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]-7-[(3-fluoro-5-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)methyl]-4,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3aH-thiopyrano[3,4-d][1,3]oxazol-2-one
    —— (3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid 1318165-81-9 C7H9BO4
    (3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid
    —— (3-Hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)acetic acid 1393540-48-1 C8H7IO3
    (3-Hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)acetic acid
    —— 2-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-3-ethylphenol 1243374-50-6 C12H16O
    2-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-3-ethylphenol
    —— 1-Hydroxy-2-methylthio-5-methoxy-benzol 19555-08-9 C8H10O2S
    1-Hydroxy-2-methylthio-5-methoxy-benzol
    —— 3-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1243395-35-8 C14H20O2
    3-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-isopropoxybenzonitrile 1243280-87-6 C10H11NO2
    2-Hydroxy-5-isopropoxybenzonitrile
    —— 2-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-5-ethylphenol 1243279-29-9 C15H22O
    2-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-5-ethylphenol
    —— 3-(Dimethylamino)-5-methoxyphenol 56825-85-5 C9H13NO2
    3-(Dimethylamino)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-N,N-dimethylbenzamide 66842-93-1 C10H13NO3
    3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-N,N-dimethylbenzamide
    —— 4-nitro-3-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-methyloxime 943750-50-3 C8H8N2O4
    4-nitro-3-hydroxybenzaldehyde O-methyloxime
    —— 2-Chloro-5-[methoxy(13-tricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]tridec-2(7)-enylidene)methyl]phenol 260791-31-9 C21H25ClO2
    2-Chloro-5-[methoxy(13-tricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]tridec-2(7)-enylidene)methyl]phenol
    —— Methyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybut-1-YN-1-YL)phenyl)acetate 1354633-20-7 C13H14O4
    Methyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybut-1-YN-1-YL)phenyl)acetate
    —— 1,3,5-Tris[3-[4-[[bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]triazol-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropyl]-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione 1480437-04-4 C69H81N15O18
    1,3,5-Tris[3-[4-[[bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]triazol-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropyl]-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione
    —— 1,1'-(4,6-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-diyl)-bis[3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one] 147726-68-9 C20H14O6
    1,1'-(4,6-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-diyl)-bis[3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one]
    —— 4-[[[1-[3-[2,2-Bis[[3-[4-[[bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]triazol-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy]methyl]butoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol 1480437-09-9 C72H92N12O18
    4-[[[1-[3-[2,2-Bis[[3-[4-[[bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]triazol-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy]methyl]butoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-[[[1-[3-[2,2-Bis[[3-[4-[[bis[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]triazol-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy]methyl]butoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 1480436-97-2 C78H104N12O24
    4-[[[1-[3-[2,2-Bis[[3-[4-[[bis[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]triazol-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropoxy]methyl]butoxy]-2-hydroxypropyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2-trimethylsilylethyl N-benzyl-N-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-5-hydroxy-3-bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trienyl]carbamate 1476065-07-2 C25H35NO5Si
    2-trimethylsilylethyl N-benzyl-N-[4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-5-hydroxy-3-bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trienyl]carbamate
    —— nethyl allyl[4-(2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]ethyl)-3-hydroxybenzocyclobutene]-5-carbamate 1476065-16-3 C21H33NO4Si
    nethyl allyl[4-(2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]ethyl)-3-hydroxybenzocyclobutene]-5-carbamate
    —— methyl 2-oxoethyl[4-(2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]ethyl)-3-hydroxybenzocyclobutene]-5-carbamate 1476065-17-4 C20H31NO5Si
    methyl 2-oxoethyl[4-(2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]ethyl)-3-hydroxybenzocyclobutene]-5-carbamate
    —— 3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-propenyl 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanoate 134209-00-0 C19H19IO4
    3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-propenyl 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— (4,4'-((prop-2-yn-1-ylazanediyl)bis(methylene))bis(2-methoxyphenol)) 1480437-08-8 C19H21NO4
    (4,4'-((prop-2-yn-1-ylazanediyl)bis(methylene))bis(2-methoxyphenol))
    —— 1,3,5-Tris[3-[4-[[bis[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]triazol-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropyl]-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione 1480437-01-1 C75H93N15O24
    1,3,5-Tris[3-[4-[[bis[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]methyl]triazol-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropyl]-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione
    —— 3-nitrosalicylic (1-phenylethylidene)hydrazide 380413-34-3 C15H13N3O4
    3-nitrosalicylic (1-phenylethylidene)hydrazide
    —— Tetramethyldiaminobutane dipicrate 102454-36-4 C20H26N8O14
    Tetramethyldiaminobutane dipicrate
    —— Oxyphenbutazon-Piperazin-Salz 57148-78-4 C4H10N2*C19H20N2O3
    Oxyphenbutazon-Piperazin-Salz
    —— 2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzenepropanol 115546-31-1 C11H16O4
    2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzenepropanol
    —— 1-Cyclohexylpiperidine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 41225-70-1 C17H24N4O7
    1-Cyclohexylpiperidine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 2,6-bis(cyclohexylsulfanyl)benzehe-1,4-diol 1028684-60-7 C18H26O2S2
    2,6-bis(cyclohexylsulfanyl)benzehe-1,4-diol
    —— methyl 3-{2,5-dihydroxy-4-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethylsulfanyl]phenylsulfanyl}propanoate 1028684-65-2 C14H18O6S2
    methyl 3-{2,5-dihydroxy-4-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethylsulfanyl]phenylsulfanyl}propanoate
    —— methyl 3-{2,5-dihydroxy-3-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethylsulfanyl]phenylsulfanyl}propanoate 1028684-62-9 C14H18O6S2
    methyl 3-{2,5-dihydroxy-3-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethylsulfanyl]phenylsulfanyl}propanoate
    —— (7S,7'S,8R)-8'(9')-ene-4,4'-dihydroxy-7,7'-epoxylignan 1469818-64-1 C18H18O3
    (7S,7'S,8R)-8'(9')-ene-4,4'-dihydroxy-7,7'-epoxylignan
    —— (7R,7'R)-8(8')-ene-4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7,7'-epoxylignan 1469818-63-0 C20H22O5
    (7R,7'R)-8(8')-ene-4,4'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7,7'-epoxylignan