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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxystyrene 1335242-21-1 C9H9FO2
    6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methoxystyrene
    —— 7-bromo-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)heptane 51795-91-6 C13H19BrO
    7-bromo-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)heptane
    —— 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-2H-1,3,5-oxadiazine-4-thione 1216963-07-3 C17H13N5O2S
    2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-2H-1,3,5-oxadiazine-4-thione
    —— 2-(1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)phenol 1176104-31-6 C11H13NO
    2-(1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)phenol
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 1141752-85-3 C11H10N4O2S
    2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 2-(((2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol 59488-83-4 C11H16N2O2
    2-(((2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl)imino)methyl)phenol
    —— 2-amino-4,5-dinitrophenol 116632-18-9 C6H5N3O5
    2-amino-4,5-dinitrophenol
    —— Phloroglucinmono-tert-butylether 83436-28-6 C10H14O3
    Phloroglucinmono-tert-butylether
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid 1354819-26-3 C7H6BF3O4
    2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(6-methoxypyridine-3-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dione 1275575-29-5 C16H11BrN2O5
    5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-(6-methoxypyridine-3-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dione
    —— 2-(13-Bromotridecyl)phenol 62587-20-6 C19H31BrO
    2-(13-Bromotridecyl)phenol
    —— 2,6-difluoro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 152434-97-4 C8H6F2O3
    2,6-difluoro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 5,5,11,17,17,23-Hexamethyl-3,7,15,19-tetrazatricyclo[19.3.1.19,13]hexacosa-1(24),9,11,13(26),21(25),22-hexaene-25,26-diol 1189057-11-1 C28H44N4O2
    5,5,11,17,17,23-Hexamethyl-3,7,15,19-tetrazatricyclo[19.3.1.19,13]hexacosa-1(24),9,11,13(26),21(25),22-hexaene-25,26-diol
    —— α-(p-Hydroxybenzylidene)-2-pyridinacetonitril 22346-00-5 C14H10N2O
    α-(p-Hydroxybenzylidene)-2-pyridinacetonitril
    —— 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-pyridyl)propan-1-ol 311804-50-9 C14H15NO3
    3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-pyridyl)propan-1-ol
    —— 3-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-pyridyl)propan-1-ol 311804-60-1 C14H15NO3
    3-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-pyridyl)propan-1-ol
    —— 3-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-pyridyl)propan-1-ol 311804-55-4 C14H15NO3
    3-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-pyridyl)propan-1-ol
    —— 2-(1-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenol 84837-70-7 C11H15NO
    2-(1-Allylamino-ethyl)-phenol
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-pyridyl)propan-1-ol 311804-43-0 C14H15NO2
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2-pyridyl)propan-1-ol
    —— 4-{[bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-methyl}-resorcinol 94564-79-1 C11H17NO4
    4-{[bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-methyl}-resorcinol
    —— 2-<(bis-2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethyl>-3,5-dimethoxy-6-formylphenol 154198-23-9 C14H21NO6
    2-<(bis-2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethyl>-3,5-dimethoxy-6-formylphenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-N-phenyl-benzamide 83859-29-4 C15H15NO2
    2-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-N-phenyl-benzamide
    —— 2-amino-4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol 5428-46-6 C8H10ClNO
    2-amino-4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 4-(1-Pentylheptyl)-phenol 17508-67-7 C18H30O
    4-(1-Pentylheptyl)-phenol
    —— 2,6-bis(dimethylaminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol 13704-47-7 C12H19N3O3
    2,6-bis(dimethylaminomethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(5-((4-methylbenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol 1391739-47-1 C17H16N2O3S
    2-methoxy-4-(5-((4-methylbenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— 5,11-di-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-25,26,27,28-tetrol 202198-76-3 C36H40O4
    5,11-di-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-25,26,27,28-tetrol
    —— 2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-ethanol 62978-84-1 C8H10O3
    2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-ethanol
    —— N-ethyldopamine hydrobromide 106149-76-2 BrH*C10H15NO2
    N-ethyldopamine hydrobromide
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-benzaldehyde 110651-54-2 C13H17NO4
    2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-morpholin-4-ylmethyl-benzaldehyde
    —— N-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzamide 62513-84-2 C9H6Cl2N2O4
    N-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzamide
    —— 4-bromo-5-methoxy-2-((1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)phenol 1417423-52-9 C17H16BrNO2
    4-bromo-5-methoxy-2-((1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)phenol
    —— 4-{2-Hydroxy-3-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]propoxy}phenol 62734-33-2 C19H25NO3
    4-{2-Hydroxy-3-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]propoxy}phenol
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetonitrile 1000180-43-7 C10H11NO4
    2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetonitrile
    —— 2-acetylaminomethyl-4-nitrophenol 5804-36-4 C9H10N2O4
    2-acetylaminomethyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 3,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-4,6-diphenyldibenzophosphole 5-oxide 84390-12-5 C25H19O4P
    3,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-4,6-diphenyldibenzophosphole 5-oxide
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-tert-butylphenyl tetrahydropyranyl ether 79787-55-6 C15H22O3
    4-hydroxy-3-tert-butylphenyl tetrahydropyranyl ether
    —— 6-tert-butyl-2,3-dinitro-4-methylphenol 103059-09-2 C11H14N2O5
    6-tert-butyl-2,3-dinitro-4-methylphenol
    —— 4-[3-(2,4-Dinitro-phenyl)-5-isopropyl-2,3-dihydro-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenol 85485-32-1 C18H18N4O7
    4-[3-(2,4-Dinitro-phenyl)-5-isopropyl-2,3-dihydro-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentane-1-carbonitrile 81324-97-2 C12H13NO
    1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentane-1-carbonitrile
    —— 5,17-bis-<(N,N-bis<3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl>ethylamino)>methyl-11,23-di-tert-butylcalix<4>arene-25,26,27,28-tetrol 217792-45-5 C66H86N10O4
    5,17-bis-<(N,N-bis<3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl>ethylamino)>methyl-11,23-di-tert-butylcalix<4>arene-25,26,27,28-tetrol
    —— (2.6-dibromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy)benzylbromide 5532-81-0 C8H7Br3O2
    (2.6-dibromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy)benzylbromide
    —— 2-Aminomethyl-4,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxy-phenol 38730-59-5 C9H11Cl2NO3
    2-Aminomethyl-4,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 2',6'-Dihydroxyacetophenon-oxim 22233-82-5 C8H9NO3
    2',6'-Dihydroxyacetophenon-oxim
    —— (2S,4S,6R)-2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-6-tridecyltetrahydropyran-2,4-diol 945736-80-1 C26H44O4
    (2S,4S,6R)-2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-6-tridecyltetrahydropyran-2,4-diol
    —— dicyclopentyl (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-55-8 C28H32O6
    dicyclopentyl (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— N-(2'-hydroxy-6'-nitrophenyl)butyramide 500991-93-5 C10H12N2O4
    N-(2'-hydroxy-6'-nitrophenyl)butyramide
    —— bis(4-(tert-butyl)cyclohexyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428584-05-7 C38H52O6
    bis(4-(tert-butyl)cyclohexyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-71-8 C32H44O12
    bis(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-58-1 C28H32O8
    bis((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate