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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— dicyclobutyl (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-54-7 C26H28O6
    dicyclobutyl (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-75-2 C24H20F8O6
    bis(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetonitrile 32884-26-7 C9H9NO2
    2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetonitrile
    —— bis(2-fluoroethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-73-0 C22H22F2O6
    bis(2-fluoroethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-74-1 C22H18F6O6
    bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-76-3 C24H16F12O6
    bis(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(2-methylallyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-79-6 C26H28O6
    bis(2-methylallyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(2-cyclohexylethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-63-8 C34H44O6
    bis(2-cyclohexylethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(2-butoxyethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-69-4 C30H40O8
    bis(2-butoxyethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-72-9 C34H48O12
    bis(2-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-70-7 C28H36O10
    bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(2-isopropoxyethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-67-2 C28H36O8
    bis(2-isopropoxyethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(2-propoxyethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-68-3 C28H36O8
    bis(2-propoxyethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— dicycloheptyl (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-57-0 C32H40O6
    dicycloheptyl (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(cyclohexylmethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-62-7 C32H40O6
    bis(cyclohexylmethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(2-iodoethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-78-5 C22H22I2O6
    bis(2-iodoethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-59-2 C28H32O8
    bis(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(cyclopropylmethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-53-6 C26H28O6
    bis(cyclopropylmethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)carbamic acid benzylester 477559-23-2 C14H13NO4
    (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)carbamic acid benzylester
    —— dicyclohexyl (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-56-9 C30H36O6
    dicyclohexyl (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)ethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-85-4 C28H28O8
    bis(2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)ethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— bis(2-(methylthio)ethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-77-4 C24H28O6S2
    bis(2-(methylthio)ethyl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— di(but-3-yn-1-yl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate 1428579-84-3 C26H24O6
    di(but-3-yn-1-yl) (1R,2R,3S,4S)-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate
    —— rac-4-(1-hydroxybut-3-yn-1-yl)-2-nitrophenol 1313026-26-4 C10H9NO4
    rac-4-(1-hydroxybut-3-yn-1-yl)-2-nitrophenol
    —— 3,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxybenzonitrile 863332-39-2 C8H7NO3
    3,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxybenzonitrile
    —— 4-{[(E)-4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylimino]-methyl}-benzonitrile 127628-98-2 C15H12N2O
    4-{[(E)-4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylimino]-methyl}-benzonitrile
    —— αβ-dichloro-2-hydroxymaleanilic acid 106660-09-7 C10H7Cl2NO4
    αβ-dichloro-2-hydroxymaleanilic acid
    —— 2-cyclobutylphenol 69763-40-2 C10H12O
    2-cyclobutylphenol
    —— 2-(3-Methyl-isothiazol-5-yl)-phenol 120869-49-0 C10H9NOS
    2-(3-Methyl-isothiazol-5-yl)-phenol
    —— (3aR,9bS)-3a-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-4,9b-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]chromen-7-ol 111254-39-8 C20H22O6
    (3aR,9bS)-3a-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-4,9b-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]chromen-7-ol
    —— 2-amino-3,4,5-trichlorophenol 100606-61-9 C6H4Cl3NO
    2-amino-3,4,5-trichlorophenol
    —— α-tert.-Butylaminomethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzylalkohol 63295-99-8 C14H23NO3
    α-tert.-Butylaminomethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzylalkohol
    —— methyl [5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]acetate 912959-88-7 C13H12O3S
    methyl [5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]acetate
    —— ethyl [5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]acetate 873011-55-3 C14H14O3S
    ethyl [5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thienyl]acetate
    —— 4-(2-((tert-butylbis(4-methoxyphenyl)silyl)oxy)ethyl)phenol 1394170-52-5 C26H32O4Si
    4-(2-((tert-butylbis(4-methoxyphenyl)silyl)oxy)ethyl)phenol
    —— N,N-Diethyldopamine 53622-71-2 C12H19NO2
    N,N-Diethyldopamine
    —— 3-(Diethylamino)-4-methoxyphenol Hydrochloride 62496-05-3 C11H17NO2*ClH
    3-(Diethylamino)-4-methoxyphenol Hydrochloride
    —— (2-chloro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy)benzyl chloride 222623-18-9 C8H8Cl2O2
    (2-chloro-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy)benzyl chloride
    —— 2-[4-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl]-1-t-butyldimethylsilyloxyethane 1008355-79-0 C23H33BrO4Si
    2-[4-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzyloxy)phenyl]-1-t-butyldimethylsilyloxyethane
    —— 4,4'-(((bis(2-methoxyphenyl)silanediyl)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))diphenol 1394170-67-2 C30H32O6Si
    4,4'-(((bis(2-methoxyphenyl)silanediyl)bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))diphenol
    —— dimethyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylate 1351353-32-6 C13H14O7
    dimethyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxylate
    —— [3-(6-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyl] propanoate 264888-42-8 C23H30O4
    [3-(6-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyl] propanoate
    —— [3-(6-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyl] 2-phenylacetate 264888-45-1 C28H32O4
    [3-(6-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyl] 2-phenylacetate
    —— (E)-1-benzyl-7-<3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetoxyprop-1-enyl>-2,9,10-trioxatricyclo<4.3.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>>decane 133811-80-0 C26H28O7
    (E)-1-benzyl-7-<3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetoxyprop-1-enyl>-2,9,10-trioxatricyclo<4.3.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>>decane
    —— α-(Hydrochinonyl)-β-(methylamino)-crotonsaeureethylester 75785-33-0 C13H17NO4
    α-(Hydrochinonyl)-β-(methylamino)-crotonsaeureethylester
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-5-chlor-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-methylimino-buttersaeureaethylester 5352-19-2 C13H15ClN4O5
    2-(2-Hydroxy-4-nitro-5-chlor-phenyl-hydrazono)-3-methylimino-buttersaeureaethylester
    —— 2-(3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)propyl)phenol 1197029-84-7 C13H15NO
    2-(3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)propyl)phenol
    —— 4,5-Dichloro-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methoxy]-6-hydroxybenzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile 1374789-49-7 C15H7Cl3N2O2
    4,5-Dichloro-3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methoxy]-6-hydroxybenzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile
    —— 4,5-Dichloro-3-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-6-hydroxybenzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile 1374789-51-1 C15H7Cl2FN2O2
    4,5-Dichloro-3-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-6-hydroxybenzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile
    —— 4-[bis(5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl]phenol 1025820-54-5 C17H18N2O
    4-[bis(5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl]phenol