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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-(azepan-1-yl)-3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-one 1334470-02-8 C24H29NO6
    1-(azepan-1-yl)-3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
    —— 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one 958981-88-9 C23H27NO6
    3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one
    —— 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-one 958986-41-9 C22H25NO6
    3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-one
    —— 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol 22002-36-4 C10H14O3
    2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 5-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 62648-55-9 C9H10O4
    5-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-[2-aza-2-(3-methyl-(2-pyridyl))vinyl]phenol 59129-93-0 C13H12N2O
    2-[2-aza-2-(3-methyl-(2-pyridyl))vinyl]phenol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-pentan-1-ol 19523-05-8 C12H18O3
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-pentan-1-ol
    —— ethyl (3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)acetate 672931-44-1 C11H14O3
    ethyl (3-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)acetate
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-[[[1-(1-methylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino]methyl]phenol 1042576-48-6 C16H26N2O2
    2-Methoxy-5-[[[1-(1-methylethyl)-4-piperidinyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 26,28-Diamino-5,11,17,23-tetratert-butyl-2,8,14,20-tetrathiapentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,27-diol 1277239-54-9 C40H50N2O2S4
    26,28-Diamino-5,11,17,23-tetratert-butyl-2,8,14,20-tetrathiapentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,27-diol
    —— 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazide 303087-79-8 C18H20N2O6
    3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazide
    —— 4-aminocatechol trifluoroacetate 114903-51-4 C2HF3O2*C6H7NO2
    4-aminocatechol trifluoroacetate
    —— 4-[5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol 1430092-76-4 C17H16N2O5S
    4-[5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-Methyl-5-ethyl-pyrogallol 66125-15-3 C9H12O3
    4-Methyl-5-ethyl-pyrogallol
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenecarboximidoyl chloride 1257321-31-5 C8H8ClNO2
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzenecarboximidoyl chloride
    —— (2E)-N'-(4'-hydroxy-5'-methoxybenzylidene)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide 1265608-65-8 C18H20N2O6
    (2E)-N'-(4'-hydroxy-5'-methoxybenzylidene)-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzohydrazide
    —— 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylpiperazino)-1-propanone 287199-25-1 C14H20N2O2
    3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-methylpiperazino)-1-propanone
    —— (3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)dimorpholinomethane 239438-66-5 C15H20Br2N2O3
    (3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)dimorpholinomethane
    —— 2-Hydroxy-1-methyl-3-pentyl-benzol 132980-48-4 C12H18O
    2-Hydroxy-1-methyl-3-pentyl-benzol
    —— 2-(dimorpholinomethyl)-4-nitrophenol 165402-16-4 C15H21N3O5
    2-(dimorpholinomethyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-[(1E)-2-aza-2-(2-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzen-1-ol 17543-97-4 C12H10N2O
    2-[(1E)-2-aza-2-(2-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzen-1-ol
    —— 4-[4-(1-homopiperazino)butoxy]-2,3,6-trimethylphenol 256367-01-8 C18H30N2O2
    4-[4-(1-homopiperazino)butoxy]-2,3,6-trimethylphenol
    —— 2-methyl-5-{[4-(4-pyridinyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino}phenol 1187668-75-2 C15H13N3OS
    2-methyl-5-{[4-(4-pyridinyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino}phenol
    —— Bis<2,4-(2-tert.-butylamino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol> 63296-08-2 C18H32N2O3
    Bis<2,4-(2-tert.-butylamino-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol>
    —— 3-(1'-CYCLOHEXENYL)METHYL-2-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYBENZALDEHYDE 127462-79-7 C15H18O3
    3-(1'-CYCLOHEXENYL)METHYL-2-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYBENZALDEHYDE
    —— 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl-α-methyl-acetonitrile 51234-22-1 C9H8N2O3
    3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl-α-methyl-acetonitrile
    —— methyl 15-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecanoate 111755-18-1 C24H40O5
    methyl 15-(2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)pentadecanoate
    —— 2-bromo-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pentalen-1-one 1104633-36-4 C14H13BrO2
    2-bromo-3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-pentalen-1-one
    —— 2-methyl-5-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-phenol 1312616-00-4 C13H14N2O
    2-methyl-5-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-phenol
    —— methyl 2-(3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 98879-76-6 C9H8N2O7
    methyl 2-(3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— (S)-3-methyl-2-(1-phenylhex-5-en-3-ylamino)phenol 922191-46-6 C19H23NO
    (S)-3-methyl-2-(1-phenylhex-5-en-3-ylamino)phenol
    —— (R)-2-(1-cyclohexylbut-3-enylamino)-3-methylphenol 922191-45-5 C17H25NO
    (R)-2-(1-cyclohexylbut-3-enylamino)-3-methylphenol
    —— (S)-2-(1-allylamino-1-methyl-but-3-enyl)phenol 922191-54-6 C14H19NO
    (S)-2-(1-allylamino-1-methyl-but-3-enyl)phenol
    —— (S)-2-(2-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-2-yl)phenol 922191-57-9 C12H15NO
    (S)-2-(2-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-2-yl)phenol
    —— (S)-2-[(1-but-3-enylamino)-1-methyl-but-3-enyl]phenol 922191-55-7 C15H21NO
    (S)-2-[(1-but-3-enylamino)-1-methyl-but-3-enyl]phenol
    —— [3-acetyloxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl] acetate 82246-95-5 C21H24O8
    [3-acetyloxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl] acetate
    —— 2-chloro-5-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-ylamino)phenol 933046-00-5 C11H10ClN3O
    2-chloro-5-(4-methylpyrimidin-2-ylamino)phenol
    —— 2-methyl-5-(thiazol-2-ylamino)phenol 933045-57-9 C10H10N2OS
    2-methyl-5-(thiazol-2-ylamino)phenol
    —— 5-(3,5-dimethylphenylamino)-2-methylphenol 1198117-30-4 C15H17NO
    5-(3,5-dimethylphenylamino)-2-methylphenol
    —— 3-amino-2,4-difluoro-5-methylphenol 1427407-74-6 C7H7F2NO
    3-amino-2,4-difluoro-5-methylphenol
    —— 2,4-difluoro-5-methylphenol 1378584-21-4 C7H6F2O
    2,4-difluoro-5-methylphenol
    —— N-t-butoxycarbonyl-N'-4-hydroxybenzyl hydrazine 57699-55-5 C12H18N2O3
    N-t-butoxycarbonyl-N'-4-hydroxybenzyl hydrazine
    —— N'-(4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 57699-48-6 C12H16N2O3
    N'-(4-hydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazinecarboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— N-t-butoxycarbonyl-N'-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde hydrazone 57699-48-6 C12H16N2O3
    N-t-butoxycarbonyl-N'-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde hydrazone
    —— benzaldehyde [3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-hydrazone 18330-55-7 C16H13N3O2S
    benzaldehyde [3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene]-hydrazone
    —— N,N-Dibutyldopamine 68671-30-7 C16H27NO2
    N,N-Dibutyldopamine
    —— Methyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetate 108260-70-4 C11H14O5
    Methyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetate
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazino[4,5-a]benzimidazole 1383439-05-1 C16H16N4O2
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazino[4,5-a]benzimidazole
    —— (2E,4E)-2-cyano-N-[[3-[[[(2E,4E)-2-cyano-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienamide 1035646-73-1 C32H26N4O6
    (2E,4E)-2-cyano-N-[[3-[[[(2E,4E)-2-cyano-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoyl]amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienamide
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetic acid 50479-82-8 C10H12O5
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-methoxyacetic acid