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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6-bromo-2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde 917497-32-6 C9H9BrO4
    6-bromo-2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 5-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-2,3-dimethoxyphenol 185698-61-7 C18H18O5
    5-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-2,3-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2-(2-mercaptoethyl)phenol 13407-20-0 C8H10OS
    2-(2-mercaptoethyl)phenol
    —— 4-(but-3-en-1-yloxy)phenol 118909-86-7 C10H12O2
    4-(but-3-en-1-yloxy)phenol
    —— 4-(1-dimethylamino-ethyl)-2-methyl-phenol 855355-07-6 C11H17NO
    4-(1-dimethylamino-ethyl)-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 3-(3-Dimethylamino-butyl)-phenol 855409-63-1 C12H19NO
    3-(3-Dimethylamino-butyl)-phenol
    —— 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine dihydrochloride 81012-99-9 C7H10N2O*2ClH
    3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine dihydrochloride
    —— 4-chloro-2-<2-hydroxy-1-(isopropylthio)ethyl>phenol 121045-22-5 C11H15ClO2S
    4-chloro-2-<2-hydroxy-1-(isopropylthio)ethyl>phenol
    —— methyl 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentane carboxylate 936758-87-1 C13H16O3
    methyl 1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentane carboxylate
    —— 4-(1-Adamantyloxy)phenol 1116090-59-5 C16H20O2
    4-(1-Adamantyloxy)phenol
    —— N-(heptan-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide 1259373-03-9 C16H25NO4
    N-(heptan-4-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenemethanol 110038-86-3 C8H9ClO3
    2-Chloro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzenemethanol
    —— (5R,7R)-5,7-bis{[(tert-butyl)(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)icosan-3-one 1220512-56-0 C38H72O4Si2
    (5R,7R)-5,7-bis{[(tert-butyl)(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)icosan-3-one
    —— 4-chloro-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol 117658-50-1 C11H13ClO2
    4-chloro-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-chloro-2-ethylphenol 1227417-88-0 C8H9ClO
    3-chloro-2-ethylphenol
    —— ethyl 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolane-5-carboxylate 846066-96-4 C12H13NO5
    ethyl 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolane-5-carboxylate
    —— 4-methoxy-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol 21086-80-6 C8H10O3
    4-methoxy-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 3,4-bis(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)thiophene 1361305-90-9 C18H16O2S
    3,4-bis(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)thiophene
    —— 4-hexyl-2-methoxyphenol 42433-74-9 C13H20O2
    4-hexyl-2-methoxyphenol
    —— tert-butyl N-butyl-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]carbamate 1352115-34-4 C16H25NO3
    tert-butyl N-butyl-N-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]carbamate
    —— 3,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)thiophene 1361305-91-0 C18H16O2S
    3,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)thiophene
    —— 3,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene 97595-22-7 C16H12O2S
    3,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 2-methoxy-6-methylthiomethylphenol 18738-36-8 C9H12O2S
    2-methoxy-6-methylthiomethylphenol
    —— 2-methyl-6-methylthiomethylphenol 4526-40-3 C9H12OS
    2-methyl-6-methylthiomethylphenol
    —— tert-butyl 2-hydroxybenzyl(propyl)carbamate 1268163-66-1 C15H23NO3
    tert-butyl 2-hydroxybenzyl(propyl)carbamate
    —— 5-({[tert-Butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)benzene-1,3-diol 192313-73-8 C23H26O3Si
    5-({[tert-Butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— (Z)-4-(5-((2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(propyl)amino)pent-1-en-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diol 1612146-69-6 C21H29N3O2S
    (Z)-4-(5-((2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)(propyl)amino)pent-1-en-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 5-(azidomethyl)benzene-1,3-diol 908118-10-5 C7H7N3O2
    5-(azidomethyl)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5,7-diol 1035080-17-1 C15H14O5
    1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-5,7-diol
    —— 4,4'-((1E,3E,5E)-hexa-1,3,5-triene-1,6-diyl)dibenzene-1,2-diol 1443299-30-6 C18H16O4
    4,4'-((1E,3E,5E)-hexa-1,3,5-triene-1,6-diyl)dibenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 1,2-bis(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetylene 400608-33-5 C14H10O4
    1,2-bis(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetylene
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-[[[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl]amino]methyl]phenol 1042528-00-6 C16H27N3O2
    2-Methoxy-5-[[[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl]amino]methyl]phenol
    —— 5-[[3,5-Bis(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methoxy]-3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde 360784-97-0 C32H32O5
    5-[[3,5-Bis(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methoxy]-3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
    —— 2-methoxy-6-(1-nitrohexan-2-yl)phenol 1393820-51-3 C13H19NO4
    2-methoxy-6-(1-nitrohexan-2-yl)phenol
    —— tert-Butyl (3R)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)(isopropyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate 1044562-04-0 C21H32N2O5
    tert-Butyl (3R)-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)(isopropyl)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 2-(1-cyclohexyl-2-nitroethyl)-6-methoxyphenol 1393820-55-7 C15H21NO4
    2-(1-cyclohexyl-2-nitroethyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-6-(3-methyl-1-nitrobutan-2-yl)phenol 1393820-54-6 C12H17NO4
    2-methoxy-6-(3-methyl-1-nitrobutan-2-yl)phenol
    —— (S)-N-((3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide 790703-59-2 C12H13FN2O4
    (S)-N-((3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide
    —— 2,8,14,20-Tetramethyl-2,8,14,20,25,26,27-heptazapentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaen-28-ol 1169706-64-2 C25H25N7O
    2,8,14,20-Tetramethyl-2,8,14,20,25,26,27-heptazapentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(25),3(28),4,6,9(27),10,12,15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaen-28-ol
    —— 2,7-dimethyl-1,8-biphenylenediol 98991-01-6 C14H12O2
    2,7-dimethyl-1,8-biphenylenediol
    —— 2-bromo-5-hydroxy-3-methylbenzyl alcohol 173381-65-2 C8H9BrO2
    2-bromo-5-hydroxy-3-methylbenzyl alcohol
    —— 4-Acetyl-4-(3-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran 179420-72-5 C13H15FO3
    4-Acetyl-4-(3-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— 4-bromo-5-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde 1618092-95-7 C15H21BrO3
    4-bromo-5-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
    —— 5-bromo-2-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenol 1618092-96-8 C20H31BrO4
    5-bromo-2-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenol
    —— 4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(3-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran 179420-71-4 C13H17FO3
    4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(3-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— 4-hydroxy-2-(1-methylheptyl)phenol 155758-80-8 C14H22O2
    4-hydroxy-2-(1-methylheptyl)phenol
    —— 4-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butyn-1-ol 118741-59-6 C14H18O4
    4-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butyn-1-ol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonic acid 62351-46-6 C7H7NO6S
    4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonic acid
    —— 4-(3-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylsulfinyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran 167758-68-1 C12H15FO3S
    4-(3-fluoro-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylsulfinyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-ethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran 139368-26-6 C13H18O2
    4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-ethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran