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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-((t-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2,3,5-trimethylphenol 112136-00-2 C15H26O2Si
    4-((t-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2,3,5-trimethylphenol
    —— 2,3,5-Trimethyl-6-(oxolan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol 80810-49-7 C13H18O3
    2,3,5-Trimethyl-6-(oxolan-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 4-Decoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenol 81133-63-3 C19H32O2
    4-Decoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenol
    —— 3-ethyl-4-isopropoxy-2,5,6-trimethylphenol 869806-73-5 C14H22O2
    3-ethyl-4-isopropoxy-2,5,6-trimethylphenol
    —— 4-benzyloxy-2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(3-methylbut-3-enyl)phenol 865444-18-4 C21H26O2
    4-benzyloxy-2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(3-methylbut-3-enyl)phenol
    —— 4-ethoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl-phenol 53651-60-8 C11H16O2
    4-ethoxy-2,3,6-trimethyl-phenol
    —— 5-(4-Hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid 112109-65-6 C16H24O4
    5-(4-Hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid
    —— 4-methoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,2-diol 607351-64-4 C10H14O3
    4-methoxy-3,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— methyl 4-[(2,5-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethyl)benzyl]-1-piperazinecarbodithioate 125155-96-6 C16H24N2O2S2
    methyl 4-[(2,5-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethyl)benzyl]-1-piperazinecarbodithioate
    —— 5-(4-Hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanol 112109-66-7 C16H26O3
    5-(4-Hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethylpentanol
    —— 3,3',5,5',6,6'-hexamethyl-2,2'-dithiobishydroquinone 125714-63-8 C18H22O4S2
    3,3',5,5',6,6'-hexamethyl-2,2'-dithiobishydroquinone
    —— 3-bromo-5-nitro-2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde 84634-15-1 C9H6BrNO4
    3-bromo-5-nitro-2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2-buten-1-one 119840-28-7 C12H14O3
    1-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-2-buten-1-one
    —— 2,3,5-Trimethyl-6-(methylsulfanyl)benzene-1,4-diol 83857-83-4 C10H14O2S
    2,3,5-Trimethyl-6-(methylsulfanyl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-<i>N</i>-(1(2)<i>H</i>-tetrazol-5-yl)-benzamide 67127-33-7 C8H5N7O6
    2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-<i>N</i>-(1(2)<i>H</i>-tetrazol-5-yl)-benzamide
    —— Bromotrimethylhydrochinon 39055-45-3 C9H11BrO2
    Bromotrimethylhydrochinon
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)-3-methylpyrazol-5-ol 75999-01-8 C11H12N2O2
    4-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)-3-methylpyrazol-5-ol
    —— 2-<3-Methyl-crotonoylamino>-phenol 87702-29-2 C11H13NO2
    2-<3-Methyl-crotonoylamino>-phenol
    —— 1-(acetoxyacetyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole 1252008-33-5 C23H26N2O8
    1-(acetoxyacetyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole
    —— 1-(hydroxyacetyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole 1252008-38-0 C21H24N2O7
    1-(hydroxyacetyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole
    —— 5-amino-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenol 111223-14-4 C9H13NO3
    5-amino-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenol
    —— 2-(1-Hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl)phenol 1438827-63-4 C9H12O3
    2-(1-Hydroxy-2-methoxyethyl)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzylamine 651733-06-1 C7H8N2O3
    2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzylamine
    —— α,α-[(1,1-dimethylethylene)dinitrilo]di-o-cresol 30180-37-1 C18H20N2O2
    α,α-[(1,1-dimethylethylene)dinitrilo]di-o-cresol
    —— 2-(4,5-di-p-tolyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol 169155-32-2 C23H20N2O
    2-(4,5-di-p-tolyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol
    —— (Z)-3-amino-5-(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one 19745-80-3 C10H8N2O2S2
    (Z)-3-amino-5-(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-amino-5-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one 19745-80-3 C10H8N2O2S2
    3-amino-5-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 3-Guajacyl-3-hydroxy-propionsaeure-aethylester 91555-92-9 C12H16O5
    3-Guajacyl-3-hydroxy-propionsaeure-aethylester
    —— 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidine-3-oxide-1-oxyl 163461-39-0 C13H17N2O3
    2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidine-3-oxide-1-oxyl
    —— Mn(II) picrate 41570-79-0 2C6H2N3O7*Mn
    Mn(II) picrate
    —— 4,6-bis<5'-phenylisoxazol-3'-yl>resorcinol 137369-32-5 C24H16N2O4
    4,6-bis<5'-phenylisoxazol-3'-yl>resorcinol
    —— (p-hydroxyphenyl)malononitrile 83928-85-2 C9H6N2O
    (p-hydroxyphenyl)malononitrile
    —— 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-benzaldehyde 622852-28-2 C9H10O4
    2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-benzaldehyde
    —— 4-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxy-2-methylphenol 808765-99-3 C15H26O4Si
    4-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxy-2-methylphenol
    —— 1-methyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)imidazoline 96327-81-0 C10H12N2O
    1-methyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)imidazoline
    —— 2-(5-isobutyl-4,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-phenol 7113-00-0 C15H21NO2
    2-(5-isobutyl-4,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-phenol
    —— (6Z)-6-[(2-hydroxyethylamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 1952-38-1 C9H11NO2
    (6Z)-6-[(2-hydroxyethylamino)methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-butan-1-ol 134316-47-5 C12H18O3
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-butan-1-ol
    —— 5-Methoxy-2-(2-nitro-ethyl)-phenol 96853-39-3 C9H11NO4
    5-Methoxy-2-(2-nitro-ethyl)-phenol
    —— 4-(3-iodopropyl)phenol 179548-39-1 C9H11IO
    4-(3-iodopropyl)phenol
    —— 5-[(Cyclohexyloxy)methyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 73422-63-6 C16H21NO4
    5-[(Cyclohexyloxy)methyl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-pentoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 1067559-98-1 C19H22O3S
    (E)-1-(2-hydroxy-5-pentoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-mercapto-3,5,6-trimethylhydroquinone 83857-82-3 C9H12O2S
    2-mercapto-3,5,6-trimethylhydroquinone
    —— 2-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde 89984-24-7 C8H7BrO3
    2-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde
    —— 2-methoxy-5-{2-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]ethyl}phenol 1395084-75-9 C18H23NO3
    2-methoxy-5-{2-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethylamino]ethyl}phenol
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide 1395084-69-1 C18H21NO4
    2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide
    —— 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-nitrobenzonitrile 1134197-95-7 C8H6N2O3
    5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-nitrobenzonitrile
    —— 2-chloro-4-isopropylideneamino-phenol 951152-96-8 C9H10ClNO
    2-chloro-4-isopropylideneamino-phenol
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-{[(propan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one 73422-61-4 C13H17NO4
    3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-{[(propan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-propoxymethyl-oxazolidin-2-one 73422-64-7 C13H17NO4
    3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-propoxymethyl-oxazolidin-2-one