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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-{3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl}-4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetamide 147498-82-6 C19H22N2O4
    N-{3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl}-4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetamide
    —— 2-Chloro-6-(1-hydroxybut-3-enyl)phenol 1000781-22-5 C10H11ClO2
    2-Chloro-6-(1-hydroxybut-3-enyl)phenol
    —— 2-(3'-(4''-hydroxy-phenoxy)-3'-methyl-butyl)-3-methyl-thia-3-cyclopentene-1,1-dioxide 144040-18-6 C16H22O4S
    2-(3'-(4''-hydroxy-phenoxy)-3'-methyl-butyl)-3-methyl-thia-3-cyclopentene-1,1-dioxide
    —— (+/-)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-benzyl)-imidazolidine-2,4-dione 552855-42-2 C10H8N4O7
    (+/-)-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-benzyl)-imidazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(4'-(4''-hydroxy-phenoxy)-4'-methyl-pentyl)-thia-3-cyclopentene-1,1-dioxide 144040-14-2 C16H22O4S
    3-(4'-(4''-hydroxy-phenoxy)-4'-methyl-pentyl)-thia-3-cyclopentene-1,1-dioxide
    —— Methyl-(4-hydroxy-3-dodecyl-phenyl)-aether 56134-30-6 C19H32O2
    Methyl-(4-hydroxy-3-dodecyl-phenyl)-aether
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-77-8 C17H20FN3O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-[4-(propan-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 10-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-decanoic acid 146803-75-0 C16H24O4
    10-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-decanoic acid
    —— hydroquinone; hydrochloride 5864-41-5 3C6H6O2*ClH
    hydroquinone; hydrochloride
    —— 2-Propylthio-1,4-dihydroxy-benzol 18232-01-4 C9H12O2S
    2-Propylthio-1,4-dihydroxy-benzol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-1.3-dimethyl-5-dodecyl-benzol 23725-52-2 C20H34O
    2-Hydroxy-1.3-dimethyl-5-dodecyl-benzol
    —— β-Hydrochinon-Acetonitril-Clathrat 51930-47-3 C2H3N*C6H6O2
    β-Hydrochinon-Acetonitril-Clathrat
    —— 1:1 N-methylpyrrolidinone-hydroquinone complex 41950-52-1 C5H9NO*C6H6O2
    1:1 N-methylpyrrolidinone-hydroquinone complex
    —— N-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]heptanamide 1449203-96-6 C16H20IN3O3S
    N-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]heptanamide
    —— 4-bromo-2-[[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methylene]amino]-5-fluorophenol 1016234-91-5 C13H7BrF3NO
    4-bromo-2-[[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methylene]amino]-5-fluorophenol
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)acetonitrile 104113-85-1 C10H11NO2
    2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)acetonitrile
    —— N-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]octanamide 1449203-94-4 C17H22IN3O3S
    N-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]octanamide
    —— N-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]hexanamide 1449203-98-8 C15H18IN3O3S
    N-[5-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]hexanamide
    —— 4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2-methoxy-6-methyl-3-(methylthio)phenol 115319-98-7 C12H19NO2S
    4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-2-methoxy-6-methyl-3-(methylthio)phenol
    —— 3-(3'-hydroxy-3'-methylbutenyl)-2-methoxy-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-6-methylphenol 127757-19-1 C16H25NO3
    3-(3'-hydroxy-3'-methylbutenyl)-2-methoxy-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-6-methylphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-3-(3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-6-methylphenol 127785-63-1 C16H25NO2
    2-methoxy-3-(3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)-4-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-6-methylphenol
    —— ortho-(3-methyl-3-buten-1-yn-1-yl)phenol 1286764-07-5 C11H10O
    ortho-(3-methyl-3-buten-1-yn-1-yl)phenol
    —— acorga P50 50849-47-3 C16H25NO2
    acorga P50
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime 59344-62-6 C17H27NO2
    2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime
    —— (E)-1-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-nonylphenyl)-1-ethanone oxime 93913-80-5 C17H27NO2
    (E)-1-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-nonylphenyl)-1-ethanone oxime
    —— 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldoxime 37110-11-5 C7H7NO3
    2,5-dihydroxybenzaldoxime
    —— 2,6-bis[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]phenol 1224868-02-3 C32H28OP2
    2,6-bis[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]phenol
    —— 2-bromo-5-iodo-4-methoxyphenol 186134-38-3 C7H6BrIO2
    2-bromo-5-iodo-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(2-acryloyloxyethoxy)phenol 69260-40-8 C11H12O4
    4-(2-acryloyloxyethoxy)phenol
    —— 4-{(4-methylpentyl)oxy}phenol 1549174-46-0 C12H18O2
    4-{(4-methylpentyl)oxy}phenol
    —— 2-Nitro-4-perfluorpropyl-phenol 61324-29-6 C9H4F7NO3
    2-Nitro-4-perfluorpropyl-phenol
    —— 2,5-dibromo-4-(12-bromo-dodecyloxy)-phenol 174215-83-9 C18H27Br3O2
    2,5-dibromo-4-(12-bromo-dodecyloxy)-phenol
    —— 2-(But-3-en-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol 101459-67-0 C10H12O2
    2-(But-3-en-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 4-Ethyl-6-bromoresorcinol-dimethylether 19345-65-4 C8H9BrO2
    4-Ethyl-6-bromoresorcinol-dimethylether
    —— 4-[(E)-but-2-enoxy]phenol 112142-91-3 C10H12O2
    4-[(E)-but-2-enoxy]phenol
    —— 4-(7-octenyloxy)phenol 117721-41-2 C14H20O2
    4-(7-octenyloxy)phenol
    —— 1-Methylpyridin-4-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 63776-26-1 C12H10N4O8
    1-Methylpyridin-4-one;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— tert-butyl (2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl)carbamate 115499-45-1 C13H19NO4
    tert-butyl (2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethyl)carbamate
    —— tert-butyl 4-aminophenethyl[(2 S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]carbamate 391901-41-0 C22H30N2O5
    tert-butyl 4-aminophenethyl[(2 S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]carbamate
    —— 4-benzyloxy-3-[(1S)-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl]phenol 286365-31-9 C21H26O2
    4-benzyloxy-3-[(1S)-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl]phenol
    —— 2,6-dibromo-4-(dibromomethyl)phenol 63394-09-2 C7H4Br4O
    2,6-dibromo-4-(dibromomethyl)phenol
    —— 3-tert-butyl-7-[(4-hydroxyphenoxy)methyl]-4H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazin-4-one 1621091-16-4 C15H16N4O3S
    3-tert-butyl-7-[(4-hydroxyphenoxy)methyl]-4H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazin-4-one
    —— dihydroxyprehnitene 3938-11-2 C10H14O2
    dihydroxyprehnitene
    —— Pentane-1,5-diamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 80056-66-2 C17H20N8O14
    Pentane-1,5-diamine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 4-(4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-imidazol-2-ylamino)-3,5-dimethyl-phenol 63346-75-8 C11H15N3O
    4-(4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-imidazol-2-ylamino)-3,5-dimethyl-phenol
    —— (3-methoxy-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid methyl ester 367259-04-9 C10H12O4
    (3-methoxy-5-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid methyl ester
    —— 4-[2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethoxy]-phenol 252947-20-9 C14H24O3Si
    4-[2-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethoxy]-phenol
    —— (4-bromomethyl-1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydro-benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester 1265360-17-5 C12H14BBrO5
    (4-bromomethyl-1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydro-benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— (4-diethylaminomethyl-1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydro-benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)-acetic acid 1265355-54-1 C14H20BNO5
    (4-diethylaminomethyl-1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydro-benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)-acetic acid
    —— (4-aminomethyl-1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydro-benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)-acetic acid 1265355-49-4 C10H12BNO5
    (4-aminomethyl-1,6-dihydroxy-1,3-dihydro-benzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-3-yl)-acetic acid