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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-trimethylsilyl-2-methylphenol 825652-12-8 C10H16OSi
    5-trimethylsilyl-2-methylphenol
    —— (S)(+)-Etilefrinhydrochlorid 95670-87-4 C10H15NO2*ClH
    (S)(+)-Etilefrinhydrochlorid
    —— 2-(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid 1042703-32-1 C8H6F2O3
    2-(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— ethyl 2-(2-(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropyl)acetate 1224103-68-7 C13H14F2O3
    ethyl 2-(2-(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropyl)acetate
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 130707-84-5 C15H25N5O3
    N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyric acid hydrazide 425675-10-1 C10H14N2O2
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyric acid hydrazide
    —— 2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexan-1-one 61078-48-6 C13H14O2
    2-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexan-1-one
    —— (R)(-)-Etilefrinhydrochlorid 95670-88-5 C10H15NO2*ClH
    (R)(-)-Etilefrinhydrochlorid
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone 5351-82-6 C8H8N4O3S
    2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-4-(buten-(3)-yl)-phenol 60995-70-2 C12H16O
    3,5-Dimethyl-4-(buten-(3)-yl)-phenol
    —— 4-Allyloxy-2-((E)-propenyl)-phenol 887650-51-3 C12H14O2
    4-Allyloxy-2-((E)-propenyl)-phenol
    —— N-(Boc)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenethylamine 31493-49-9 C14H21NO4
    N-(Boc)-3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenethylamine
    —— 14,29-Dimethyl-3,10,18,25-tetrazatricyclo[25.3.1.112,16]dotriaconta-1(30),12,14,16(32),27(31),28-hexaene-31,32-diol 750595-41-6 C30H48N4O2
    14,29-Dimethyl-3,10,18,25-tetrazatricyclo[25.3.1.112,16]dotriaconta-1(30),12,14,16(32),27(31),28-hexaene-31,32-diol
    —— JC010 1257404-72-0 C16H26N2O3
    JC010
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5Hfuro[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one 1309571-42-3 C15H13N3O4
    4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5Hfuro[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one
    —— 4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-furo-[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one 1309571-41-2 C14H10BrN3O3
    4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-furo-[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one
    —— 4-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-furo[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one 1309571-43-4 C14H9Br2N3O3
    4-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-furo[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one
    —— 4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-furo[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one 1309571-40-1 C15H12BrN3O4
    4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,7,8-tetrahydro-5H-furo[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridin-5-one
    —— 2-(2-bromo-ethyl)-5-methyl-hydroquinone 99180-04-8 C9H11BrO2
    2-(2-bromo-ethyl)-5-methyl-hydroquinone
    —— Olivetol-d9 137125-92-9 C11H16O2
    Olivetol-d9
    —— aminodurenol 46010-72-4 C10H15NO
    aminodurenol
    —— 3-Amino-4,5-dimethylphenol 92505-48-1 C8H11NO
    3-Amino-4,5-dimethylphenol
    —— (5S,13S)-19-[2-[2-ethynyl-5-[2-tri(propan-2-yl)silylethynyl]phenyl]ethynyl]-5,13-diphenyl-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxabicyclo[15.3.1]henicosa-1(20),17(21),18-trien-21-ol 864920-11-6 C49H56O6Si
    (5S,13S)-19-[2-[2-ethynyl-5-[2-tri(propan-2-yl)silylethynyl]phenyl]ethynyl]-5,13-diphenyl-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxabicyclo[15.3.1]henicosa-1(20),17(21),18-trien-21-ol
    —— 3,6-dibromo-2-methyl-phenol 52045-21-3 C7H6Br2O
    3,6-dibromo-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-4-(methylamino)phenol 1357167-25-9 C11H17NO
    2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-4-(methylamino)phenol
    —— 2-Bromo-3-methyl-4-nitro-6-isopropylphenol 20294-57-9 C9H10BrNO3
    2-Bromo-3-methyl-4-nitro-6-isopropylphenol
    —— 4-[[3,4,5-Tris[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]methoxy]phenol 1214319-52-4 C34H54O14
    4-[[3,4,5-Tris[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]methoxy]phenol
    —— 2,2',2''-[1,3,5]trithiane-2,4,6-triyl-tris-phenol 5402-71-1 C21H18O3S3
    2,2',2''-[1,3,5]trithiane-2,4,6-triyl-tris-phenol
    —— p-2-fluorooctyloxyphenol 122318-27-8 C14H21FO2
    p-2-fluorooctyloxyphenol
    —— 1,3-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamino)propan-2-ol 348597-14-8 C19H26N2O5
    1,3-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamino)propan-2-ol
    —— 2,5-Dicyanhydrochinon 4655-70-3 C8H4N2O2
    2,5-Dicyanhydrochinon
    —— 2-bromo 4-n-heptylphenol 88134-01-4 C13H19BrO
    2-bromo 4-n-heptylphenol
    —— N-[1-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide 114070-34-7 C15H12Br2N2O2
    N-[1-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— N,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzenecarboximidamide 1260022-22-7 C8H10N2O2
    N,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzenecarboximidamide
    —— 4-Chlor-2,6-dicyclopentyl-phenol 40395-19-5 C16H21ClO
    4-Chlor-2,6-dicyclopentyl-phenol
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hexa-3,5-dione 113465-66-0 C13H16O4
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hexa-3,5-dione
    —— N-benzyl-2-hydroxybenzothioamide 67556-67-6 C14H13NOS
    N-benzyl-2-hydroxybenzothioamide
    —— tert-butyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzylcarbamate 426225-59-4 C12H17NO4
    tert-butyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzylcarbamate
    —— N-<4-Amino-benzolsulfonyl>-3,5-dinitro-salicylsaeure-amid 62547-31-3 C13H10N4O8S
    N-<4-Amino-benzolsulfonyl>-3,5-dinitro-salicylsaeure-amid
    —— 2-nitrosobenzene-1,4-diol 215431-75-7 C6H5NO3
    2-nitrosobenzene-1,4-diol
    —— 4-(1-Cyclohexyl-1-methyl-ethyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol 60526-71-8 C17H26O3
    4-(1-Cyclohexyl-1-methyl-ethyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 2-(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-Heptadecafluoroundecyl)-4-methoxyphenol 272125-12-9 C18H13F17O2
    2-(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-Heptadecafluoroundecyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-Methoxy-2-(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-tridecafluorononyl)phenol 272125-11-8 C16H13F13O2
    4-Methoxy-2-(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-tridecafluorononyl)phenol
    —— 1,4-dihydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetraethylbenzene 137039-62-4 C14H22O2
    1,4-dihydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetraethylbenzene
    —— salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone —— C8H9N3OS
    salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone
    —— (E)-(5,6-dihydro-[1,4,2]dioxazin-3-yl)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-methanone O-methyloxime 169153-14-4 C11H12N2O4
    (E)-(5,6-dihydro-[1,4,2]dioxazin-3-yl)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-methanone O-methyloxime
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-1-propanone oxime acetate 444177-52-0 C15H17N3O3
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-1-propanone oxime acetate
    —— (E)-4-chloro-2-(3-methylhepta-2,6-dien-1-yl)phenol 1417913-01-9 C14H17ClO
    (E)-4-chloro-2-(3-methylhepta-2,6-dien-1-yl)phenol
    —— 2-methyl-5-amino-6-nitro phenol 62106-30-3 C7H8N2O3
    2-methyl-5-amino-6-nitro phenol
    —— 3-Dimethylamino-5-methyl phenol 65220-00-0 C9H13NO
    3-Dimethylamino-5-methyl phenol