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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-(pyrazinyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate 407583-23-7 C18H26N3O5P
    diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-(pyrazinyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate
    —— (E)-N-[2-hydroxy-2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-2-propenamide 219965-69-2 C18H20N2O4
    (E)-N-[2-hydroxy-2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-2-propenamide
    —— 5-Nitro-salicylaldehyd-N,N-dipropyl-hydrazon 70289-42-8 C13H19N3O3
    5-Nitro-salicylaldehyd-N,N-dipropyl-hydrazon
    —— (S)-5-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-one 477981-33-2 C12H14O4
    (S)-5-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-one
    —— 3-methoxy-4(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)phenol 76348-96-4 C12H14O3
    3-methoxy-4(3-methylbut-2-enoyl)phenol
    —— 4-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-2-methoxymorpholine 76534-63-9 C14H19NO6
    4-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-2-methoxymorpholine
    —— [Amino(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phosphonic acid 63207-59-0 C7H10NO4P
    [Amino(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phosphonic acid
    —— 4-syringoyl-2-morpholinol 76534-61-7 C13H17NO6
    4-syringoyl-2-morpholinol
    —— (E)-4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-but-2-enoic acid 76968-99-5 C11H12O4
    (E)-4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-but-2-enoic acid
    —— 3-nitro-2-vinylphenol 195992-07-5 C8H7NO3
    3-nitro-2-vinylphenol
    —— 4-Heptan-2-yl-2-methoxyphenol 42433-79-4 C14H22O2
    4-Heptan-2-yl-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(1-dimethylamino-ethyl)-phenol 82965-48-8 C10H15NO
    4-(1-dimethylamino-ethyl)-phenol
    —— 2-(2-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol 198630-94-3 C9H11BrO2
    2-(2-bromo-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol
    —— [(Z)-Ethoxyimino]-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid 66340-74-7 C10H11NO4
    [(Z)-Ethoxyimino]-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetic acid
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-methyl-4-trimethylsilylphenol 486413-43-8 C11H18O2Si
    2-Methoxy-6-methyl-4-trimethylsilylphenol
    —— 4-bromo-2-methoxy-5-methylphenol 40992-09-4 C8H9BrO2
    4-bromo-2-methoxy-5-methylphenol
    —— (1E,3E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,3-butadiene 1206103-26-5 C18H18O3
    (1E,3E)-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1,3-butadiene
    —— 3,4-diamino-6-methyl-2-nitrophenol 147285-83-4 C7H9N3O3
    3,4-diamino-6-methyl-2-nitrophenol
    —— 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-acetanilid 77569-20-1 C10H13NO4
    2,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-acetanilid
    —— 4-[[4-[[4-[(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)methoxy]phenoxy]methoxy]phenoxy]methoxy]phenol 142746-18-7 C27H24O8
    4-[[4-[[4-[(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)methoxy]phenoxy]methoxy]phenoxy]methoxy]phenol
    —— iron(II) picrate 14866-25-2 2C6H2N3O7*Fe
    iron(II) picrate
    —— 3-[3-amino-4-chloro-6-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 188788-16-1 C12H8ClF4N3O3
    3-[3-amino-4-chloro-6-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
    —— N-benzyl-N-methyldopamine 61630-40-8 C16H19NO2
    N-benzyl-N-methyldopamine
    —— 2,7,12-trihydroxy-3,8,13-triphenyl-10,15-dihydro-5H-tribenzo[a,d,g]cyclononene 1358667-01-2 C39H30O3
    2,7,12-trihydroxy-3,8,13-triphenyl-10,15-dihydro-5H-tribenzo[a,d,g]cyclononene
    —— 2-{4-[2-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl}ethan-1-ol 99761-74-7 C13H16N2O2
    2-{4-[2-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl}ethan-1-ol
    —— Pentanoic acid, 5-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethyl- 80373-12-2 C15H22O4
    Pentanoic acid, 5-(4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylphenoxy)-2,2-dimethyl-
    —— (2S)-N-(2-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxaldehyde dimethyl acetal 140850-28-8 C15H22N2O5
    (2S)-N-(2-amino-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxaldehyde dimethyl acetal
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-phenylphosphonsaeure 90001-08-4 C7H9O4P
    4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-phenylphosphonsaeure
    —— (2S)-1-(2-azido-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbaldehyde 166451-19-0 C13H14N4O4
    (2S)-1-(2-azido-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 3-dodecylphenol 29665-57-4 C18H30O
    3-dodecylphenol
    —— 2,6-dichloro-4-(methoxy ethoxy methoxy)phenol 186805-82-3 C10H12Cl2O4
    2,6-dichloro-4-(methoxy ethoxy methoxy)phenol
    —— (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-(4-cyclohexyloxazol-2-yl)-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one 1372148-88-3 C21H24ClN3O3
    (4S)-4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-(4-cyclohexyloxazol-2-yl)-6-ethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-2-one
    —— 2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 180090-42-0 C14H19NO5S
    2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— N-{4-[2-(cianoethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidin-1-yl]butyl}-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide 350610-03-6 C20H30N4O2
    N-{4-[2-(cianoethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydropyrimidin-1-yl]butyl}-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— phenylbis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonium hexafluoroarsenate 120397-57-1 AsF6*C18H15O2S
    phenylbis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonium hexafluoroarsenate
    —— tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulphonium 88101-75-1 C18H15O3S
    tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulphonium
    —— tris-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-sulfonium ; chloride 17755-35-0 C18H15O3S*Cl
    tris-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-sulfonium ; chloride
    —— 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-allylphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline 864152-69-2 C14H17NO2
    2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-allylphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline
    —— 2,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)phenol 18036-71-0 C12H22OSi2
    2,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)phenol
    —— 2-ethenyl-6-<4-(1,4,8,11-tetra-azacyclotetradecan-6-ylmethyl)benzylcarbamoylmethoxymethyl>pyridine 122497-12-5 C27H40N6O3
    2-ethenyl-6-<4-(1,4,8,11-tetra-azacyclotetradecan-6-ylmethyl)benzylcarbamoylmethoxymethyl>pyridine
    —— N-Benzyliden-3-hydroxyphenylamin-N-oxid 97369-65-8 C13H11NO2
    N-Benzyliden-3-hydroxyphenylamin-N-oxid
    —— D-(-)-N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)glycine 54832-35-8 C14H19NO6
    D-(-)-N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)glycine
    —— (4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-(3-nitro-phenyl)-arsinic acid 6309-07-5 C12H9AsN2O7
    (4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-(3-nitro-phenyl)-arsinic acid
    —— methyl 3-cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate 1356600-68-4 C11H11NO3
    methyl 3-cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— 1-(4-Hydroxybenzol)-3,3-dimethyltriazen 7227-93-2 C8H11N3O
    1-(4-Hydroxybenzol)-3,3-dimethyltriazen
    —— (2-hydroxy-phenyl)-phenyl-arsinic acid 857587-40-7 C12H11AsO3
    (2-hydroxy-phenyl)-phenyl-arsinic acid
    —— 3-benzyloxy-5-methoxyphenol 105381-42-8 C14H14O3
    3-benzyloxy-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-methoxy,5-(i-propoxy)phenol 86635-97-4 C10H14O3
    3-methoxy,5-(i-propoxy)phenol
    —— 5-<(N,N-Dimethylamino)methyl>-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene 157162-96-4 C31H31NO4
    5-<(N,N-Dimethylamino)methyl>-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix<4>arene
    —— Phenol, 4-sec-hexyl-3-methoxy- 62125-20-6 C13H20O2
    Phenol, 4-sec-hexyl-3-methoxy-