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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5Z,5'Z)-2,2'-[piperazine-1,4-diylbis(ethane-2,1-diylimino)]bis(5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one) 1415582-35-2 C28H30N6O4S2
    (5Z,5'Z)-2,2'-[piperazine-1,4-diylbis(ethane-2,1-diylimino)]bis(5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one)
    —— 4-[(4,5-dimethyltriazol-1-yl)iminomethyl]phenol 113261-28-2 C11H12N4O
    4-[(4,5-dimethyltriazol-1-yl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzonitrile 372137-85-4 C11H12N2O3
    3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzonitrile
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-butan-2-one 4221-49-2 C11H14O3
    4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-butan-2-one
    —— 6-butyl-2-methoxyphenol 130223-24-4 C11H16O2
    6-butyl-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propanenitrile 22516-99-0 C10H11NO
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propanenitrile
    —— 6-chloro-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methylphenol 839694-29-0 C10H13ClO2
    6-chloro-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methylphenol
    —— N-n-Butyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoyl)-diaminoethan-1,2 86840-90-6 C13H19N3O4
    N-n-Butyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoyl)-diaminoethan-1,2
    —— N-n-Butyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoyl)-diaminoethan-1,2 86840-93-9 C13H19N3O4
    N-n-Butyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoyl)-diaminoethan-1,2
    —— 1-n-Butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-imidazolin 86840-86-0 C13H17N3O3
    1-n-Butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-imidazolin
    —— Butyl 3-[[3-[(3-butoxy-3-oxopropyl)sulfanylmethyl]-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl]methylsulfanyl]propanoate 1192176-20-7 C23H36O5S2
    Butyl 3-[[3-[(3-butoxy-3-oxopropyl)sulfanylmethyl]-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl]methylsulfanyl]propanoate
    —— 4,4'-(pyrazine-2,6-diyl)diphenol 171820-09-0 C16H12N2O2
    4,4'-(pyrazine-2,6-diyl)diphenol
    —— Benzyl 4-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl)-1-piperazinecarbodithioate 125155-66-0 C19H22N2O3S2
    Benzyl 4-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl)-1-piperazinecarbodithioate
    —— (4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester 30512-72-2 C11H14O3S
    (4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylsulfinyl)acetic acid 852285-79-1 C10H12O5S
    2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylsulfinyl)acetic acid
    —— 3,3-dichloro-1-(2’-hydroxy-4’,6’-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 64964-84-7 C11H10Cl2O4
    3,3-dichloro-1-(2’-hydroxy-4’,6’-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one
    —— dimethyl 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,6-dithianonanedioate 1040-71-7 C15H20O5S2
    dimethyl 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,6-dithianonanedioate
    —— [(E)-4-[3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl]but-2-enyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 351377-67-8 C18H26O5
    [(E)-4-[3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl]but-2-enyl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— Phenol, 2-[(1R,2S)-1,2-dimethyl-3-methylenecyclopentyl]-5-methyl- 63181-28-2 C15H20O
    Phenol, 2-[(1R,2S)-1,2-dimethyl-3-methylenecyclopentyl]-5-methyl-
    —— 1-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid methyl ester 945244-02-0 C11H11NO5
    1-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 4-(1-aminocyclopropyl)phenol 1266158-02-4 C9H11NO
    4-(1-aminocyclopropyl)phenol
    —— 2,5-bis(3-fluoro-5-hyroxyphenyl)thiophene 1430419-23-0 C16H10F2O2S
    2,5-bis(3-fluoro-5-hyroxyphenyl)thiophene
    —— 3-amino-2-methoxyphenol 125708-66-9 C7H9NO2
    3-amino-2-methoxyphenol
    —— arenarol 87764-13-4 C21H30O2
    arenarol
    —— Dicyclohexyl(2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphine 171364-77-5 C18H27OP
    Dicyclohexyl(2-hydroxyphenyl)phosphine
    —— (3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-guanidine; picrate 69724-08-9 C6H3N3O7*C6H13N3
    (3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-guanidine; picrate
    —— N-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-2-phenyl-acetamide 154709-47-4 C14H12N2O4
    N-(4-Hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-2-phenyl-acetamide
    —— 4-butoxy-3-chloromethyl-2,5,6-trimethyl-phenol 100915-78-4 C14H21ClO2
    4-butoxy-3-chloromethyl-2,5,6-trimethyl-phenol
    —— 7-hydroxy-3a-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]-[1,3]oxazine-1,5(2H)-dione 1227624-60-3 C12H11NO4
    7-hydroxy-3a-methyl-3,3a-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]-[1,3]oxazine-1,5(2H)-dione
    —— (2R)-2-azaniumyl-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetate 117427-57-3 C9H11NO4
    (2R)-2-azaniumyl-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 2-isopropyl-3-methoxyphenol 123151-45-1 C10H14O2
    2-isopropyl-3-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenol 38377-33-2 C9H12O2S
    2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14-decahydrobenzocyclododecene 62940-07-2 C16H24O
    2-hydroxy-5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14-decahydrobenzocyclododecene
    —— (1S)-2-(3-methyl-1-nitromethyl-but-3-enyl)-phenol 1254061-18-1 C12H15NO3
    (1S)-2-(3-methyl-1-nitromethyl-but-3-enyl)-phenol
    —— 5-{2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylamino]ethyl}-2-methoxyphenol 1395084-74-8 C17H20ClNO2
    5-{2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylamino]ethyl}-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxodioxolan-3-ylmethyl)phenol 299175-87-4 C12H14O4
    4-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxodioxolan-3-ylmethyl)phenol
    —— N-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide 1395084-68-0 C17H18ClNO3
    N-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-(dimethylamino)benzene-1,3-diol 1369813-13-7 C8H11NO2
    2-(dimethylamino)benzene-1,3-diol
    —— bis-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-arsinic acid 861788-34-3 C12H9AsN2O8
    bis-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-arsinic acid
    —— 2-chloro-N-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-acetamide 89938-33-0 C8H7ClN2O4
    2-chloro-N-(4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)-acetamide
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3]thiazinan-4-one 67839-34-3 C10H11NO2S
    2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-[1,3]thiazinan-4-one
    —— L(-)-Norepinephrine bitartrate 51-40-1 C12H17NO9
    L(-)-Norepinephrine bitartrate
    —— (S,E)-ethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)hex-4-enoate 1073546-33-4 C15H20O3
    (S,E)-ethyl 3-(4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)hex-4-enoate
    —— 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-diphenylamine 72586-95-9 C13H13NO
    2-methyl-3-hydroxy-diphenylamine
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiosemicarbazide 68372-08-7 C7H9N3OS
    4-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiosemicarbazide
    —— 4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiosemicarbazide 68372-09-8 C7H9N3OS
    4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-thiosemicarbazide
    —— 1-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1-butanol 127461-78-3 C18H22O2
    1-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-1-butanol
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(4-phenylbutyl)phenol 125404-81-1 C18H22O
    2,6-Dimethyl-4-(4-phenylbutyl)phenol
    —— (2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol 56392-17-7 C34H56N2O12
    (2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol
    —— 2-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-4,5-dimethoxyphenol 115320-11-1 C11H17NO3
    2-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-4,5-dimethoxyphenol