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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-bromo-N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropanamide 327026-98-2 C10H10BrClN2O4
    2-bromo-N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-2-methylpropanamide
    —— methyl (3E)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-propoxyiminobutanoate 1394013-76-3 C14H19NO4
    methyl (3E)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-propoxyiminobutanoate
    —— 1-[3-[2-(Dimethylsulfamoylamino)ethylamino]-2-hydroxypropoxy]-4-hydroxybenzene 53672-86-9 C13H23N3O5S
    1-[3-[2-(Dimethylsulfamoylamino)ethylamino]-2-hydroxypropoxy]-4-hydroxybenzene
    —— 6,8,9-trichloro-7-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[f][1,3,4]-oxadiazepin-5-(4H)-one 1217805-78-1 C12H5Cl3N2O3S
    6,8,9-trichloro-7-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[f][1,3,4]-oxadiazepin-5-(4H)-one
    —— vanillin thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazone 304906-01-2 C13H12N2O3S
    vanillin thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazone
    —— thiophene-2-carboxylic acid N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazide 292611-70-2 C12H10N2O2S
    thiophene-2-carboxylic acid N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazide
    —— (+/-)-allolaurinterol 81624-20-6 C15H19BrO
    (+/-)-allolaurinterol
    —— 1-[2-[[2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]-3-propan-2-ylurea 53672-13-2 C15H25N3O4
    1-[2-[[2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]-3-propan-2-ylurea
    —— 3-[2-[[2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylurea 69630-12-2 C16H27N3O5
    3-[2-[[2-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]-1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylurea
    —— Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorphenyl)-trisulfid 86178-28-1 C12H8Cl2O2S3
    Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorphenyl)-trisulfid
    —— N-[2-[[2-hydroxy-3-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]propyl]amino]ethyl]-2-methylpropanamide 53672-74-5 C16H26N2O5
    N-[2-[[2-hydroxy-3-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]propyl]amino]ethyl]-2-methylpropanamide
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-2-imino-4-oxothiazolidine 118383-66-7 C10H9N3O4S
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-2-imino-4-oxothiazolidine
    —— 2-(1-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 1295507-49-1 C17H17NO2
    2-(1-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-2,4-dioxothiazolidine 118383-62-3 C10H8N2O5S
    5-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)-2,4-dioxothiazolidine
    —— 5-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-1-benzyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one 1453085-20-5 C20H17N5O3
    5-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-1-benzyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenylglykol 56979-72-7 C9H12O4
    2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenylglykol
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-methoxymandelic acid 56979-70-5 C9H10O5
    2-hydroxy-5-methoxymandelic acid
    —— (E)-4-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbut-2-enyl methyl carbonate 939017-98-8 C13H16O5
    (E)-4-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbut-2-enyl methyl carbonate
    —— 2-(butyltelluro)resorcinol 1442114-90-0 C14H22O2Te
    2-(butyltelluro)resorcinol
    —— 2-(hexadecyltelluro)resorcinole 1442114-91-1 C22H38O2Te
    2-(hexadecyltelluro)resorcinole
    —— 2-(butyltelluro)resorcinol 1442114-89-7 C10H14O2Te
    2-(butyltelluro)resorcinol
    —— methyl (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetate 212688-07-8 C10H12O4
    methyl (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 2-iodo-6-methoxy-4-methylphenol 111726-48-8 C8H9IO2
    2-iodo-6-methoxy-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-Iodo-6-methoxy-3-methylphenol 111726-45-5 C8H9IO2
    2-Iodo-6-methoxy-3-methylphenol
    —— (4E,7S)-N-[(Z)-3-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)allyl]-7-methoxy-N-methyl-tetradec-4-enamide 1229022-01-8 C26H40ClNO3
    (4E,7S)-N-[(Z)-3-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)allyl]-7-methoxy-N-methyl-tetradec-4-enamide
    —— (Z)-3-chloro-2-[2-hydroxy-3-methylpheny]-N-methyl-prop-2-en-amine 1228964-29-1 C11H14ClNO
    (Z)-3-chloro-2-[2-hydroxy-3-methylpheny]-N-methyl-prop-2-en-amine
    —— methyl (3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetate 35353-87-8 C10H10Br2O4
    methyl (3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetate
    —— (E)-2-methoxy-5-<2-pyrrolidin-2-ylethenyl>phenol 134524-76-8 C13H17NO2
    (E)-2-methoxy-5-<2-pyrrolidin-2-ylethenyl>phenol
    —— 3-[4-[(3-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butyliminomethyl]phenol 1346171-70-7 C18H20N2O2
    3-[4-[(3-Hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butyliminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2-cyclohexyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid 81311-87-7 C14H18O3
    2-cyclohexyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
    —— 4-(2-methylamino-ethyl)-2-nitro-phenol 859324-01-9 C9H12N2O3
    4-(2-methylamino-ethyl)-2-nitro-phenol
    —— 5-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione 955550-34-2 C13H14O5
    5-[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione
    —— N-methyl-N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide 857945-29-0 C11H15NO2
    N-methyl-N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide
    —— 20-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-eicosyne 223726-39-4 C26H42O
    20-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-eicosyne
    —— 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-eicosyne 223726-43-0 C26H42O
    1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-eicosyne
    —— 4-t-butyl-2-methoxy-6-methoxymethylphenol 95091-47-7 C13H20O3
    4-t-butyl-2-methoxy-6-methoxymethylphenol
    —— N-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylbenzamide 131536-66-8 C16H16N2O3
    N-[(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-methylbenzamide
    —— N-<3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propyl>-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-dimethoxybenzamid 116467-32-4 C22H29NO6
    N-<3-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)propyl>-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-dimethoxybenzamid
    —— 5-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-E-2-penten-1-ol 303176-38-7 C11H13FO2
    5-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-E-2-penten-1-ol
    —— (3Z)-3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-phenylfuran-2-one 16281-76-8 C17H12O3
    (3Z)-3-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-phenylfuran-2-one
    —— 4-(2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)phenol 1602768-75-1 C10H10O2
    4-(2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)phenol
    —— 8-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)isochroman 37568-83-5 C16H16O4
    8-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)isochroman
    —— 11,17,23-Tritert-butyl-25,26,27-trihydroxypentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,6,9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-undecaene-5,28-dione 1237538-97-4 C40H46O5
    11,17,23-Tritert-butyl-25,26,27-trihydroxypentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,6,9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-undecaene-5,28-dione
    —— 11,23-Ditert-butyl-25,27-dihydroxypentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,6,9,11,13(27),15,18,21(25),22-decaene-5,17,26,28-tetrone 1237538-98-5 C36H36O6
    11,23-Ditert-butyl-25,27-dihydroxypentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,6,9,11,13(27),15,18,21(25),22-decaene-5,17,26,28-tetrone
    —— 11,17,23-Tritert-butylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-5,25,26,27,28-pentol 1123288-21-0 C40H48O5
    11,17,23-Tritert-butylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-5,25,26,27,28-pentol
    —— N-(2,3,5-trimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-thiazole-2-amine 1299974-93-8 C18H17FN2OS
    N-(2,3,5-trimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-thiazole-2-amine
    —— 2-bromo-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 1431330-20-9 C12H16BBrO3
    2-bromo-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 2-amino-5-(3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-thiazol-4-one 57518-64-6 C10H8N2O2S
    2-amino-5-(3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-thiazol-4-one
    —— 4,4'-(ethyne-1,2-diyl)bis(2-methylphenol) 1129260-37-2 C16H14O2
    4,4'-(ethyne-1,2-diyl)bis(2-methylphenol)
    —— 4-methyl-2-nitrosophenol 39825-16-6 C7H7NO2
    4-methyl-2-nitrosophenol