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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 7,16-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane 77857-33-1 C26H36N4O10
    7,16-bis(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane
    —— 1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzyl)-imidazolidin-2-one 59023-09-5 C10H11N3O4
    1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-benzyl)-imidazolidin-2-one
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-butyric acid 855223-81-3 C13H18O5
    4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-butyric acid
    —— 4,5-Dihydro-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboximidamide 460060-12-2 C11H14N4O
    4,5-Dihydro-5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carboximidamide
    —— 4-oxo-4-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-<i>trans</i>-crotonic acid 34857-08-4 C11H10O4
    4-oxo-4-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-<i>trans</i>-crotonic acid
    —— 2,6-dibromo-4-trityl-phenol 251478-76-9 C25H18Br2O
    2,6-dibromo-4-trityl-phenol
    —— 3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)-2-oxopropanamide 1356929-86-6 C12H14BrNO3S
    3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)-2-oxopropanamide
    —— o-Hydroxy-phenyl-methanphosphonsaeure 68997-87-5 C9H13O4P
    o-Hydroxy-phenyl-methanphosphonsaeure
    —— (E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)propanamide 1356929-82-2 C13H17BrN2O3S
    (E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)propanamide
    —— 2-fluoro-4-isopentyl-phenol 458-38-8 C11H15FO
    2-fluoro-4-isopentyl-phenol
    —— (E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)propanamide 1314789-59-7 C12H15BrN2O3S
    (E)-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(2-(methylthio)ethyl)propanamide
    —— selenopsilocine 145050-44-8 C12H15NOSe
    selenopsilocine
    —— 4-trityl-resorcinol 34917-09-4 C25H20O2
    4-trityl-resorcinol
    —— 2-allyl-3-methylphenol 41389-11-1 C10H12O
    2-allyl-3-methylphenol
    —— 4-methyl.2.(1-methyl-2-propenyl)phenol 3698-42-8 C11H14O
    4-methyl.2.(1-methyl-2-propenyl)phenol
    —— p-hydroxyphenylphosphine 127802-85-1 C6H7OP
    p-hydroxyphenylphosphine
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)heptane 6863-24-7 C13H20O
    2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)heptane
    —— N-(Trifluoroacetyl)-3-hydroxyphenylethylamine 171515-38-1 C10H10F3NO2
    N-(Trifluoroacetyl)-3-hydroxyphenylethylamine
    —— N-[2-(2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]formamide 293756-93-1 C9H8Br3NO2
    N-[2-(2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]formamide
    —— 5-[5-(2-Methoxyethoxy)pentan-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol 99237-52-2 C14H22O4
    5-[5-(2-Methoxyethoxy)pentan-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-(2-isothiocyanatoethyl)phenol 60114-06-9 C9H9NOS
    3-(2-isothiocyanatoethyl)phenol
    —— 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxypentane 99237-50-0 C12H18O3
    2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxypentane
    —— 1,4-dimethoxy-2,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)-6-butyl-3{5-[2,5-dimethoxy-3,6-bis(methoxymethoxy)-4-hydroxyphenyl]pentyl}benzene 99622-15-8 C33H52O13
    1,4-dimethoxy-2,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)-6-butyl-3{5-[2,5-dimethoxy-3,6-bis(methoxymethoxy)-4-hydroxyphenyl]pentyl}benzene
    —— 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl 5-nitrofuran-2-carboxylate 1419943-22-8 C15H15NO7
    2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl 5-nitrofuran-2-carboxylate
    —— 2-(furan-2-ylmethyl)iminomethyl-4-bromo phenol 418774-14-8 C12H10BrNO2
    2-(furan-2-ylmethyl)iminomethyl-4-bromo phenol
    —— N-[2-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-[(S)-1-phenylethyl]-2-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide 342901-86-4 C27H29Br2NO5
    N-[2-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-[(S)-1-phenylethyl]-2-(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 5-bromo-2-chloro-4-nitrophenol 48125-11-7 C6H3BrClNO3
    5-bromo-2-chloro-4-nitrophenol
    —— 4-nitro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yliminomethyl)phenol 202118-42-1 C9H7N5O3
    4-nitro-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yliminomethyl)phenol
    —— (5Z)-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(methylsulfanyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181081-70-8 C11H8FNO2S2
    (5Z)-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(methylsulfanyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-(3,5-dibromo-4-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(methylthio)thiazol-4(5H)-one 1181083-33-9 C11H6Br2FNO2S2
    (5Z)-5-(3,5-dibromo-4-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(methylthio)thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— (5Z)-5-(5-bromo-4-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(methylthio)thiazol-4(5H)-one 1181083-32-8 C11H7BrFNO2S2
    (5Z)-5-(5-bromo-4-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(methylthio)thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— (5Z)-2-(1,2-diazinan-1-yl)-5-[(3,5-dibromo-4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-15-4 C14H12Br2FN3O2S
    (5Z)-2-(1,2-diazinan-1-yl)-5-[(3,5-dibromo-4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— (5Z)-5-[(5-bromo-4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(1,2-diazinan-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-14-3 C14H13BrFN3O2S
    (5Z)-5-[(5-bromo-4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(1,2-diazinan-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 4-ethoxy-2,5-dimethylphenol 99172-75-5 C10H14O2
    4-ethoxy-2,5-dimethylphenol
    —— 2,6-diformyl-p-cresol-bis(4-phenyl thiosemicarbazone) 189126-13-4 C23H22N6OS2
    2,6-diformyl-p-cresol-bis(4-phenyl thiosemicarbazone)
    —— 5-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde 900515-33-5 C11H7FO3
    5-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 4-n-pentyl-2-fluorophenol 78322-87-9 C11H15FO
    4-n-pentyl-2-fluorophenol
    —— 4,5-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-hydrozimtsaeure-methylester (3-Methoxy-hydrokaffeesaeure-methylester) 2234-50-6 C11H14O5
    4,5-Dihydroxy-3-methoxy-hydrozimtsaeure-methylester (3-Methoxy-hydrokaffeesaeure-methylester)
    —— 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylacetyl chloride 10463-21-5 C8H6ClNO4
    3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylacetyl chloride
    —— 2,4-dinitroso-5-methylresorcine 74061-37-3 C7H6N2O4
    2,4-dinitroso-5-methylresorcine
    —— 4-((tert-butyl(ethyl)(methyl)silyl)oxy)-3-methoxy-2-methylphenol 925451-68-9 C15H26O3Si
    4-((tert-butyl(ethyl)(methyl)silyl)oxy)-3-methoxy-2-methylphenol
    —— pyrrolizidinium picrate 14129-07-8 C6H3N3O7*C7H13N
    pyrrolizidinium picrate
    —— 2,2-dimethyl propionic acid 2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)thioureido]propyl ester 289902-71-2 C28H40N2O4S
    2,2-dimethyl propionic acid 2-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)thioureido]propyl ester
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylglyoxal 92765-61-2 C9H8O4
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylglyoxal
    —— 5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole 1271728-01-8 C17H15NO4
    5-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole
    —— 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-3-methoxytoluene 78135-47-4 C8H9ClO2
    2-chloro-5-hydroxy-3-methoxytoluene
    —— 3,4-diamino-2-nitrophenol 147021-87-2 C6H7N3O3
    3,4-diamino-2-nitrophenol
    —— 3,5-dimethoxy-2,4-dinitrophenol 206120-79-8 C8H8N2O7
    3,5-dimethoxy-2,4-dinitrophenol
    —— 5-propylpyrogallol 861383-97-3 C9H12O3
    5-propylpyrogallol
    —— ethyl hydroxy(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 13511-31-4 C10H12O4
    ethyl hydroxy(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate