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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-Methoxy-2-[1-(propylamino)ethyl]phenol 1042523-97-6 C12H19NO2
    5-Methoxy-2-[1-(propylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-(2,2,2-Trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 59648-33-8 C8H7Cl3O2
    2-(2,2,2-Trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 3-(3-Hydroxyhex-5-enyl)-2-methoxyphenol 1265278-90-7 C13H18O3
    3-(3-Hydroxyhex-5-enyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[1-(Butylamino)ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol 1038259-02-7 C13H21NO2
    2-[1-(Butylamino)ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[1-(cyclohexylamino)ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol 1042613-83-1 C15H23NO2
    2-[1-(cyclohexylamino)ethyl]-5-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-Methoxy-2-[1-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]phenol 1038230-91-9 C12H19NO2
    5-Methoxy-2-[1-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2-methoxy-3-[(1R)-1-phenylmethoxyhex-5-enyl]phenol 1265279-11-5 C20H24O3
    2-methoxy-3-[(1R)-1-phenylmethoxyhex-5-enyl]phenol
    —— 2-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-chlorophenol 72422-56-1 C8H6Cl4O2
    2-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-chlorophenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-methyl-5-nitro-phenol 19044-75-8 C7H6ClNO3
    4-chloro-2-methyl-5-nitro-phenol
    —— HOC6H4CHN(i-Pr) 13033-49-3 C10H13NO
    HOC6H4CHN(i-Pr)
    —— 1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 212755-08-3 C12H6ClF4N3O5
    1-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
    —— N'-[1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylidene]-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester 59834-03-6 C11H14N2O3
    N'-[1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethylidene]-hydrazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— cylindrocyclophane B 141854-65-1 C38H58O7
    cylindrocyclophane B
    —— cyclindrocyclophane D 141854-67-3 C40H60O8
    cyclindrocyclophane D
    —— (-)-cylindrocyclophane A 126693-92-3 C36H56O6
    (-)-cylindrocyclophane A
    —— (2E,2'E)-N,N-[2,2'-disulfanediylbis(propane-3,1-diyl)]bis[3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)propanamide] 1071822-33-7 C24H28Br2N4O6S2
    (2E,2'E)-N,N-[2,2'-disulfanediylbis(propane-3,1-diyl)]bis[3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxyimino)propanamide]
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylpentan-3-one 1607446-79-6 C18H20O3
    4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylpentan-3-one
    —— 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)thiazole 35582-13-9 C9H7NOS
    2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)thiazole
    —— 2-(2-Methylsulfonylethyl)phenol 56490-39-2 C9H12O3S
    2-(2-Methylsulfonylethyl)phenol
    —— (3R)-(+)-8-<(1R,4S)-camphanoyloxy>-3,4-dihydro-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one 172484-39-8 C26H26O8
    (3R)-(+)-8-<(1R,4S)-camphanoyloxy>-3,4-dihydro-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one
    —— (-)-phyllodulcin 172588-04-4 C16H14O5
    (-)-phyllodulcin
    —— 1-Methyl-2-o-hydroxyphenylcyclopropan 29026-04-8 C10H12O
    1-Methyl-2-o-hydroxyphenylcyclopropan
    —— diethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylmalonate 86726-49-0 C15H20O6
    diethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylmalonate
    —— 4,5-dimethoxy-2-(2-benzyloxyethyl)benzaldehyde 406215-49-4 C18H20O4
    4,5-dimethoxy-2-(2-benzyloxyethyl)benzaldehyde
    —— N-(4,5-dimethylisoxazol-3-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide 948573-58-8 C14H16N2O4
    N-(4,5-dimethylisoxazol-3-yl)-2-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
    —— 2-[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]phenol 75637-59-1 C19H17OP
    2-[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]phenol
    —— N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-4,5-dimethylfuran-2-carboxamide 1186647-17-5 C14H15NO4
    N-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-4,5-dimethylfuran-2-carboxamide
    —— 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine hydrochloride 1124-40-9 C7H9NO2*ClH
    3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine hydrochloride
    —— 2-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-4-methyl-6-nitrophenol 731843-23-5 C10H14N2O3
    2-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-4-methyl-6-nitrophenol
    —— 2-bromo-3-methylbenzene-1,4-diol 40492-40-8 C7H7BrO2
    2-bromo-3-methylbenzene-1,4-diol
    —— 3-(2,3-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-propionsaeureamid 91004-66-9 C9H11NO3
    3-(2,3-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-propionsaeureamid
    —— [9]-demethoxyshogaol 1057075-33-8 C18H26O2
    [9]-demethoxyshogaol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)thiazolidin-4-one 1443534-62-0 C16H22N2O2S
    2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)thiazolidin-4-one
    —— tetrahydro-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethyl-2H-1,3-oxazin-2-one 75208-76-3 C14H19NO4
    tetrahydro-5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dimethyl-2H-1,3-oxazin-2-one
    —— 2-Aminomethyl-4-chloro-3,6-dimethoxy-phenol 343773-24-0 C9H12ClNO3
    2-Aminomethyl-4-chloro-3,6-dimethoxy-phenol
    —— 4-methyl-2-(p-tolylethynyl)phenol 1338699-35-6 C16H14O
    4-methyl-2-(p-tolylethynyl)phenol
    —— (2E,4E)-5-(3,4-di-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid 1073666-65-5 C11H10O4
    (2E,4E)-5-(3,4-di-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— (2E,4E)-N-benzyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienamide 878800-18-1 C19H19NO3
    (2E,4E)-N-benzyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienamide
    —— ethyl (2E,4E)-5-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]penta-2,4-dienoate 1093121-07-3 C14H16O4
    ethyl (2E,4E)-5-[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]penta-2,4-dienoate
    —— 5-[(indol-2-ylmethyl-amino)-methyl]-2-methoxy-phenol 109731-02-4 C17H18N2O2
    5-[(indol-2-ylmethyl-amino)-methyl]-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— ethyl 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetate 76196-45-7 C11H14O4
    ethyl 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetate
    —— Grevillin D 54707-49-2 C18H12O8
    Grevillin D
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzene)thiophene, 1067911-36-7 C10H8O2S
    2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzene)thiophene,
    —— 3,4,5-trimethoxy-2,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenol 1316850-61-9 C19H28O4
    3,4,5-trimethoxy-2,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenol
    —— 4-(Dibutyl-ethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 79523-71-0 C18H32O3Si
    4-(Dibutyl-ethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— <tetrahydropyrannyloxy-2'>-2 trimethoxy-3,4,5 phenol 118971-72-5 C14H20O5
    <tetrahydropyrannyloxy-2'>-2 trimethoxy-3,4,5 phenol
    —— 2-chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol 201288-71-3 C9H11ClO4
    2-chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol
    —— 2-bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol 99180-09-3 C9H11BrO4
    2-bromo-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol
    —— (Z)-3-((E)-1-(propoxyimino)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-one 1262232-51-8 C16H18N2O4
    (Z)-3-((E)-1-(propoxyimino)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-one
    —— N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-diamino-2,2-dimethylpropane 141233-05-8 C19H22N2O4
    N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-diamino-2,2-dimethylpropane