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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-cyclohexylamino-4-oxo-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-thiazoline 1421695-99-9 C16H18N2O2S
    2-cyclohexylamino-4-oxo-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-thiazoline
    —— 2-morpholino-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-Δ<sup>2</sup>-thiazoline 81183-01-9 C14H14N2O3S
    2-morpholino-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-Δ<sup>2</sup>-thiazoline
    —— 1-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(2-methoxypyrid-5-yl)propan-1-one 1427192-12-8 C24H32N2O5
    1-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxy-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(2-methoxypyrid-5-yl)propan-1-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid 908141-84-4 C8H11BO5
    4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid
    —— 4-[(3,5-diamino-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]phenol 1285689-56-6 C10H12N4O
    4-[(3,5-diamino-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]phenol
    —— 6-amino-5-cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-4H-pyran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 5154-59-6 C16H16N2O4
    6-amino-5-cyano-4-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-4H-pyran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2-piperidino-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-Δ<sup>2</sup>-thiazoline 81425-22-1 C15H16N2O2S
    2-piperidino-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxo-Δ<sup>2</sup>-thiazoline
    —— N-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)acetamide 67915-26-8 C8H8N2O4
    N-(5-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)acetamide
    —— t-butyl 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzene-acetate 518977-84-9 C12H15NO5
    t-butyl 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzene-acetate
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furoxan-3-carbonitrile 862608-10-4 C9H5N3O3
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)furoxan-3-carbonitrile
    —— 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-ethoxypentane 99237-51-1 C13H20O3
    2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-ethoxypentane
    —— 4-methylphenol-d 2876-04-2 C7H8O
    4-methylphenol-d
    —— 4-[2-[2-Methylpropyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol 71800-30-1 C15H25NO2
    4-[2-[2-Methylpropyl(propyl)amino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 5-methoxysalicylic alcohol 59648-30-5 C8H10O3
    5-methoxysalicylic alcohol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)butanol 106800-37-7 C12H18O4
    4-(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)butanol
    —— 2-(benzyloxy)-4,6-dimethoxyphenol 1357024-84-0 C15H16O4
    2-(benzyloxy)-4,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 3,5-dichloro-4,6-dimethoxysalicylaldehyde 38730-66-4 C9H8Cl2O4
    3,5-dichloro-4,6-dimethoxysalicylaldehyde
    —— o-hydroxyacetophenone-isopropylimine 74378-55-5 C11H15NO
    o-hydroxyacetophenone-isopropylimine
    —— 4-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)butanol 106800-36-6 C12H18O4
    4-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)butanol
    —— 4-(1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-2,3,6-trimethyl-phenol 76325-17-2 C11H16O2
    4-(1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-2,3,6-trimethyl-phenol
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylsulfonylacetic acid 865783-98-8 C10H12O6S
    3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylsulfonylacetic acid
    —— N-[2-[[2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]-2-methylpropanamide 53672-46-1 C15H24N2O4
    N-[2-[[2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl]amino]ethyl]-2-methylpropanamide
    —— 6-(n-pentyl)-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene 89244-04-2 C11H16O3
    6-(n-pentyl)-1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene
    —— 5-(2-pivalamidoethyl)-1,2,4-benzenetriol 155592-12-4 C13H19NO4
    5-(2-pivalamidoethyl)-1,2,4-benzenetriol
    —— 2-allyl-6-dimethylamino-4-methylphenol 79249-96-0 C12H17NO
    2-allyl-6-dimethylamino-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-Dodecan-5-ylphenol 132610-60-7 C18H30O
    2-Dodecan-5-ylphenol
    —— 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile 79250-19-4 C13H12N2O2
    4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyridine-3-carbonitrile
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-nitrocinnamaldehyde 72517-07-8 C9H7NO4
    2-hydroxy-5-nitrocinnamaldehyde
    —— (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl N,N-diethylcarbamodithioate 39252-35-2 C14H21NOS2
    (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methyl N,N-diethylcarbamodithioate
    —— 6-amino-5-[6'-amino-1',3'-dimethyl-2',4'-dioxo-1',2',3',4'-tetrahydro-5'-pyrimidinyl(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,4-pyrimidinedione 1097725-86-4 C20H24N6O6
    6-amino-5-[6'-amino-1',3'-dimethyl-2',4'-dioxo-1',2',3',4'-tetrahydro-5'-pyrimidinyl(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,4-pyrimidinedione
    —— cassiferaldehyde 1160707-53-8 C10H10O3
    cassiferaldehyde
    —— (E)-2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinecarboximidamide hydrochloride 901266-55-5 C8H10N4O*ClH
    (E)-2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinecarboximidamide hydrochloride
    —— 2-Hydroxy-benzoldiazonium 48103-02-2 C6H5N2O
    2-Hydroxy-benzoldiazonium
    —— (5Z)-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 81154-12-3 C10H7NO2S2
    (5Z)-5-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— 5-pentyloxy-resorcinol 63409-47-2 C11H16O3
    5-pentyloxy-resorcinol
    —— 1-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone 313394-46-6 C12H14N2O2
    1-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone
    —— 3,9-dimethyl-3,9-di(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane 726173-38-2 C21H24O6
    3,9-dimethyl-3,9-di(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane
    —— 3,9-dimethyl-3,9-di(m-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane 726173-39-3 C21H24O6
    3,9-dimethyl-3,9-di(m-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one 76858-78-1 C10H10N2O2
    2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one
    —— (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)hydrazinecarboximidamide hydrochloride 1234475-43-4 C10H14N4O3*ClH
    (E)-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)hydrazinecarboximidamide hydrochloride
    —— 3-phenylpropyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate 105025-99-8 C18H20O4
    3-phenylpropyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate
    —— 4-hydroxy-N’-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide 131536-58-8 C15H14N2O4
    4-hydroxy-N’-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— 4-((1E)-pent-1-enyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 666849-01-0 C13H18O3
    4-((1E)-pent-1-enyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 2-[(Benzylsulfanyl)methyl]-4-nitrophenol 61151-29-9 C14H13NO3S
    2-[(Benzylsulfanyl)methyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 4-hydroxy-N’-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide 131536-58-8 C15H14N2O4
    4-hydroxy-N’-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide
    —— (E)-4-hydroxy-N'-((E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)allylidene)benzohydrazide 1607472-33-2 C17H16N2O4
    (E)-4-hydroxy-N'-((E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)allylidene)benzohydrazide
    —— 2,6-dimethyl-4-tritylphenol 881890-42-2 C27H24O
    2,6-dimethyl-4-tritylphenol
    —— 2-[[4-(Diethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-5-nitrophenol 389612-91-3 C17H19N3O3
    2-[[4-(Diethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-5-nitrophenol
    —— N1,N2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)ethane-1,2-diamine 192706-76-6 C18H24N2O4
    N1,N2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)ethane-1,2-diamine
    —— 5,11,17,23-tetrabromo-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxypropyl)-pentacyclo[19.3.1.1<sup>3,7</sup>.1<sup>9,13</sup>.1<sup>15,19</sup>]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol 174358-75-9 C40H44Br4O12
    5,11,17,23-tetrabromo-2,8,14,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxypropyl)-pentacyclo[19.3.1.1<sup>3,7</sup>.1<sup>9,13</sup>.1<sup>15,19</sup>]octacosa-1(25),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15,17,19(26),21,23-dodecaene-4,6,10,12,16,18,22,24-octol