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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(2-((1-adamantylmethyl)amino)-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol 1050520-90-5 C19H27NO2
    4-(2-((1-adamantylmethyl)amino)-1-hydroxyethyl)phenol
    —— 3-adamantan-1-ylmethyl-5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-oxazolidin-2-one 1050520-85-8 C20H25NO3
    3-adamantan-1-ylmethyl-5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-oxazolidin-2-one
    —— 3-{4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl}phenol 868849-48-3 C14H21NO2
    3-{4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl}phenol
    —— 4,5-dihydroxyisophthalonitrile 116314-79-5 C8H4N2O2
    4,5-dihydroxyisophthalonitrile
    —— 2′-(2,5-dihydrophenyl)ethanol 13398-95-3 C8H10O3
    2′-(2,5-dihydrophenyl)ethanol
    —— [1-(2,3-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 756900-99-9 C13H19NO4
    [1-(2,3-dihydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— [2-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-trimethyl-ammonium; bromide 112401-41-9 Br*C11H18NO2
    [2-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-trimethyl-ammonium; bromide
    —— Methyl 3-hydroxy-5-methylbenzenepropanoate 62358-70-7 C11H14O3
    Methyl 3-hydroxy-5-methylbenzenepropanoate
    —— N-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)pyridin-2-amine 15789-73-8 C12H9BrN2O
    N-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)pyridin-2-amine
    —— 2,5-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-hydroquinone 101907-54-4 C12H22O2Si2
    2,5-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-hydroquinone
    —— N'-amino-2-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethanimidamide 161153-40-8 C16H27N3O2
    N'-amino-2-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)ethanimidamide
    —— 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenoxyacetonitrile 137841-67-9 C16H23NO2
    3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenoxyacetonitrile
    —— 5-<<3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenoxy>methyl>-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thione 137841-51-1 C17H24N2O2S2
    5-<<3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenoxy>methyl>-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2(3H)-thione
    —— 2-<3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenoxy>ethanethioamide 137841-68-0 C16H25NO2S
    2-<3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenoxy>ethanethioamide
    —— N-butyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol 61164-68-9 C17H18N6O7
    N-butyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine;2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— 3-benzylideneamino-5-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one 17521-30-1 C17H12N2O2S2
    3-benzylideneamino-5-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— [1-(13)C]benzene-1,2,4-triol 1032336-13-2 C6H6O3
    [1-(13)C]benzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— 5-Deuterio-2-methylphenol 116467-71-1 C7H8O
    5-Deuterio-2-methylphenol
    —— (s)-4-(2'-methylbutyloxy)phenol 95880-51-6 C11H16O2
    (s)-4-(2'-methylbutyloxy)phenol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3,5-bis[2-(aminothioxomethyl)hydrazide] 1270020-09-1 C17H21N7O3S2
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3,5-bis[2-(aminothioxomethyl)hydrazide]
    —— 5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde ethylene acetal 98454-56-9 C9H9NO5
    5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde ethylene acetal
    —— 1-methoxy-2,3,4-trihydroxybenzene 87997-30-6 C7H8O4
    1-methoxy-2,3,4-trihydroxybenzene
    —— 1,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyne 350795-99-2 C18H14O4
    1,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenoxy)hexa-2,4-diyne
    —— 2,4-diallyl-1,3-benzenediol 71489-64-0 C12H14O2
    2,4-diallyl-1,3-benzenediol
    —— 2-((1-hydroxy-2-methyl-propan-2-ylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol 25458-13-3 C12H17NO3
    2-((1-hydroxy-2-methyl-propan-2-ylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-isopropenylphenol 57295-87-1 C11H14O3
    2,6-Dimethoxy-4-isopropenylphenol
    —— 10,22-Dimethyl-3,6,14,18-tetrazatricyclo[18.3.1.18,12]pentacosa-1(23),8,10,12(25),20(24),21-hexaene-24,25-diol 103793-59-5 C23H34N4O2
    10,22-Dimethyl-3,6,14,18-tetrazatricyclo[18.3.1.18,12]pentacosa-1(23),8,10,12(25),20(24),21-hexaene-24,25-diol
    —— (3R,6R)-3-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione 1589549-23-4 C18H18N2O3
    (3R,6R)-3-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione
    —— 4-((4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylamino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1186662-62-3 C13H15N3O2
    4-((4,6-Dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylamino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— dibenzyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl phosphate 1220703-49-0 C23H25O6P
    dibenzyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl phosphate
    —— 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzonitrile 1134198-38-1 C7H3FN2O3
    2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzonitrile
    —— diethyl (2-hydroxy-5-decylphenyl)phosphonate 95206-54-5 C20H35O4P
    diethyl (2-hydroxy-5-decylphenyl)phosphonate
    —— ethyl (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)(2'-hydroxyphenyl)phosphinate 99706-42-0 C15H17O4P
    ethyl (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)(2'-hydroxyphenyl)phosphinate
    —— (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)(2'-hydroxyphenyl)phosphinic acid 99706-47-5 C13H13O4P
    (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)(2'-hydroxyphenyl)phosphinic acid
    —— 5,6-dihydro-6-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyran-3(4H)-one 106281-31-6 C12H14O3
    5,6-dihydro-6-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2H-pyran-3(4H)-one
    —— Phenol, 2,4-di-sec-nonyl- 191810-84-1 C24H42O
    Phenol, 2,4-di-sec-nonyl-
    —— 2-(Hexadecan-2-YL)phenol 18627-00-4 C22H38O
    2-(Hexadecan-2-YL)phenol
    —— 4-(thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino)phenol 18210-01-0 C11H9NOS
    4-(thiophen-2-ylmethylideneamino)phenol
    —— 2-(3-Methylsulfonylpropyl)phenol 17733-60-7 C10H14O3S
    2-(3-Methylsulfonylpropyl)phenol
    —— 4-(2-(thiophen-3-yl)ethoxy)phenol 1263175-45-6 C12H12O2S
    4-(2-(thiophen-3-yl)ethoxy)phenol
    —— 5-Methoxy-2-(3-methyl-1-propylsulfanylbutyl)phenol 179630-64-9 C15H24O2S
    5-Methoxy-2-(3-methyl-1-propylsulfanylbutyl)phenol
    —— 3-cyclopentylphenol 60834-87-9 C11H14O
    3-cyclopentylphenol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-2'-oxodecylbenzene 142272-43-3 C16H24O2
    4-Hydroxy-2'-oxodecylbenzene
    —— (4S)-4-(4'-p-hydroxy)benzyl-4,5-dihydrooxazoline 1269269-60-4 C10H11NO2
    (4S)-4-(4'-p-hydroxy)benzyl-4,5-dihydrooxazoline
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyramide 29112-55-8 C10H13NO2
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyramide
    —— (S)-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-acetyloxazolidin-2-one 931527-23-0 C12H13NO4
    (S)-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-acetyloxazolidin-2-one
    —— 3-(3-Cyclopenten-1-yl)-1,2-benzenediol 339366-86-8 C11H12O2
    3-(3-Cyclopenten-1-yl)-1,2-benzenediol
    —— 2-(2-Chloro-allyl)-6-methoxy-phenol 29025-29-4 C10H11ClO2
    2-(2-Chloro-allyl)-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— E-1-(2'-hydroxy-5'-ethylphenyl)-1-ethanone oxime 97400-88-9 C10H13NO2
    E-1-(2'-hydroxy-5'-ethylphenyl)-1-ethanone oxime
    —— 4-ethyl-2-(1-methyl-but-3-enyl)-phenol 161988-81-4 C13H18O
    4-ethyl-2-(1-methyl-but-3-enyl)-phenol