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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-benzyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propionamide 391609-32-8 C17H19NO3
    N-benzyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propionamide
    —— 2-chloro-3-methoxy-5-methylphenol 57074-22-3 C8H9ClO2
    2-chloro-3-methoxy-5-methylphenol
    —— tri(propan-2-yl)silyl N-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl]carbamate 391609-23-7 C20H35NO4Si
    tri(propan-2-yl)silyl N-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl]carbamate
    —— (1S,5S)-1-[2-(2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one 213390-20-6 C25H27BrO6
    (1S,5S)-1-[2-(2-bromo-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one
    —— 2-Chloro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxyphenol 359844-43-2 C9H11ClO3
    2-Chloro-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— [2-13C]-2-chloro-3-methoxy-5-methylphenol 426835-16-7 C8H9ClO2
    [2-13C]-2-chloro-3-methoxy-5-methylphenol
    —— isoplagiochin C 872607-47-1 C28H22O4
    isoplagiochin C
    —— 4,5-dimethoxy-2-[(E)-6-(4-nitrophenyl)hex-5-en-2-yl]phenol 143653-81-0 C20H23NO5
    4,5-dimethoxy-2-[(E)-6-(4-nitrophenyl)hex-5-en-2-yl]phenol
    —— 6-mercaptodopamine 72515-46-9 C8H11NO2S
    6-mercaptodopamine
    —— (R)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dodecan-3-one 135272-33-2 C19H30O4
    (R)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dodecan-3-one
    —— 2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxy-ω-cinnamylidene acetophenone 223502-94-1 C19H18O4
    2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethoxy-ω-cinnamylidene acetophenone
    —— 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene 145967-35-7 C8H6O
    4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene
    —— 6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-methoxyphenol 586963-56-6 C14H20O2
    6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— Tert-butyl-[2-[4,5-dimethoxy-2-(3-methylbutoxy)-1,3-benzodithiol-7-yl]ethoxy]-diphenylsilane 149625-07-0 C32H42O4S2Si
    Tert-butyl-[2-[4,5-dimethoxy-2-(3-methylbutoxy)-1,3-benzodithiol-7-yl]ethoxy]-diphenylsilane
    —— N-Acetyl-N-(phenylmethyl)-6-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)hex-1-enamine 149777-43-5 C23H29NO2
    N-Acetyl-N-(phenylmethyl)-6-(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)hex-1-enamine
    —— 2-tert-butyl-4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenol 206059-20-3 C13H20O2
    2-tert-butyl-4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenol
    —— 5-[(E)-4-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-but-1-en-3-ynyl]-2-nitro-phenol 193957-49-2 C18H16N2O3
    5-[(E)-4-(4-Dimethylamino-phenyl)-but-1-en-3-ynyl]-2-nitro-phenol
    —— 15,35,55,75-Tetrakis(chloromethyl)-2,4,6,8-tetrathia-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-12,32,52,72-tetraol 244087-92-1 C28H20Cl4O4S4
    15,35,55,75-Tetrakis(chloromethyl)-2,4,6,8-tetrathia-1,3,5,7(1,3)-tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane-12,32,52,72-tetraol
    —— 2-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-butane-1,4-diol 186411-99-4 C12H16O4
    2-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-butane-1,4-diol
    —— 2-[2,2-Difluoro-1-((E)-3-trimethylsilanyl-allyloxy)-vinyl]-phenol 1026388-95-3 C14H18F2O2Si
    2-[2,2-Difluoro-1-((E)-3-trimethylsilanyl-allyloxy)-vinyl]-phenol
    —— 1-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(2-tert-butyldimethylsiloxyethyl)benzene 406215-62-1 C16H27BrO3Si
    1-bromo-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(2-tert-butyldimethylsiloxyethyl)benzene
    —— 2-(2-Cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 176756-93-7 C14H16O3
    2-(2-Cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 3,4-dimethoxy-6-(2'-hydroxy)ethyl-2-methylphenol 359844-33-0 C11H16O4
    3,4-dimethoxy-6-(2'-hydroxy)ethyl-2-methylphenol
    —— Phenol, 3,5-bis[[bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphino]methyl]-2,4,6-trimethyl- 194211-67-1 C27H50OP2
    Phenol, 3,5-bis[[bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphino]methyl]-2,4,6-trimethyl-
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[1-hydroxy-2-(2-methyl-oxiranyl)-ethyl]-phenol 433955-11-4 C11H13ClO3
    4-Chloro-2-[1-hydroxy-2-(2-methyl-oxiranyl)-ethyl]-phenol
    —— 3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)amino-1-propanesulfonic acid 720699-23-0 C10H15NO5S
    3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)amino-1-propanesulfonic acid
    —— 1,1'-dichloro-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dipyrromethane 853073-92-4 C15H12Cl2N2O
    1,1'-dichloro-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dipyrromethane
    —— (2R,3R,4R)-3-[(1E,3E)-5-[3-chloro-5-(diethoxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-3-methylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-2,3,4-trimethylcyclohexan-1-one 748798-49-4 C28H41ClO5
    (2R,3R,4R)-3-[(1E,3E)-5-[3-chloro-5-(diethoxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-3-methylpenta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-2,3,4-trimethylcyclohexan-1-one
    —— 1,2,4-Benzenetriol, chloro- 75562-91-3 C6H5ClO3
    1,2,4-Benzenetriol, chloro-
    —— Phenol, 4-[(acetyloxy)amino]-2-nitro- 374589-62-5 C8H8N2O5
    Phenol, 4-[(acetyloxy)amino]-2-nitro-
    —— Phenol, 4-[(acetyloxy)amino]-2,6-dinitro- 647021-95-2 C8H7N3O7
    Phenol, 4-[(acetyloxy)amino]-2,6-dinitro-
    —— 4-(Methoxymethoxy)-2,3-dimethyl-6-(trideuteriomethyl)phenol 816456-23-2 C11H16O3
    4-(Methoxymethoxy)-2,3-dimethyl-6-(trideuteriomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-tert-butyl-4-[(dimethyl-p-methoxylphenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol 188579-03-5 C20H28O3Si
    2-tert-butyl-4-[(dimethyl-p-methoxylphenylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— ethyl (2E)-3-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylmethoxyiminopropanoate 511257-13-9 C19H20BrNO5
    ethyl (2E)-3-(3-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylmethoxyiminopropanoate
    —— 3,4-dibenzyloxy-5-methylphenol 393803-50-4 C21H20O3
    3,4-dibenzyloxy-5-methylphenol
    —— 1-methoxy-6-(pent-2-enyl)phenol 483355-44-8 C12H16O2
    1-methoxy-6-(pent-2-enyl)phenol
    —— N-Chloracetyl-3,4-dihydroxy-phenaethylamin 17639-51-9 C10H12ClNO3
    N-Chloracetyl-3,4-dihydroxy-phenaethylamin
    —— 4-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyridine 782504-71-6 C12H11NO
    4-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]pyridine
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-6-nitro-phenyl)-N'-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)urea 160383-87-9 C14H10F3N3O4
    N-(2-hydroxy-6-nitro-phenyl)-N'-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)urea
    —— 3-(N,N-diethylaminomethyl)catechol 322648-98-6 C11H17NO2
    3-(N,N-diethylaminomethyl)catechol
    —— 3-Hydroxy-benzaldehyde O-benzyl-oxime 623914-45-4 C14H13NO2
    3-Hydroxy-benzaldehyde O-benzyl-oxime
    —— Phenol, 3-methoxy-5-[[5-(3-thienyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl]methyl]- 858117-53-0 C19H16N2O2S
    Phenol, 3-methoxy-5-[[5-(3-thienyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-
    —— (1R,11S,13R)-7-Hydroxy-11-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-10,17-dioxa-tricyclo[11.3.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]heptadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-9-one 857253-64-6 C18H24O5
    (1R,11S,13R)-7-Hydroxy-11-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-10,17-dioxa-tricyclo[11.3.1.0<sup>3,8</sup>]heptadeca-3(8),4,6-trien-9-one
    —— 4-(6-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-3-ylmethyl)-phenol 835916-92-2 C17H13N5O
    4-(6-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-3-ylmethyl)-phenol
    —— 2.6-Dihydroxy-3.5-dinitro-benzoesaeure 22604-82-6 C7H4N2O8
    2.6-Dihydroxy-3.5-dinitro-benzoesaeure
    —— 6-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,8S)-3,9-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-5-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-2,4,8-trimethylnonyl]-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenol 717916-70-6 C37H72O7Si2
    6-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,8S)-3,9-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-5-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-2,4,8-trimethylnonyl]-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenol
    —— 2-((3S)-4-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-3-hydroxybutyl)-6-methoxyphenol 1027981-38-9 C17H30O4Si
    2-((3S)-4-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-3-hydroxybutyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 3-(1-Methylimidazolin-2-yl)phenol 194985-95-0 C10H12N2O
    3-(1-Methylimidazolin-2-yl)phenol
    —— (2S,3S,5S)-6-(6-benzyloxy-2-methoxymethoxy-3,5-dimethylhexyl)-3,4-dimethoxy-2-methylphenol 845536-37-0 C26H38O6
    (2S,3S,5S)-6-(6-benzyloxy-2-methoxymethoxy-3,5-dimethylhexyl)-3,4-dimethoxy-2-methylphenol
    —— tert-butyl N-[2-[bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]amino]-5-[(4-bromo-3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]carbamate 860771-62-6 C32H45BrN4O10
    tert-butyl N-[2-[bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]amino]-5-[(4-bromo-3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]carbamate