有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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3-羟基苯基磷酰丙酸 | 3-[hydroxy(phenyl)phosphinyl]propionic acid | 14657-64-8 | C9H11O4P |
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3-羟基苯基氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 3-hydroxyphenylcarbamate | 19962-06-2 | C11H15NO3 |
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3-羟基苯基三氟硼酸钾 | potassium (3-hydroxyphenyl)trifluoroborate | 871231-45-7 | C6H5BF3O*K |
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3-羟基苯二甲酸酐 | 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride | 37418-88-5 | C8H4O4 |
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3-羟基苯乙酰胺 | 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide | 22446-41-9 | C8H9NO2 |
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3-羟基苯乙胺盐酸盐 | 3-hydroxyphenylethylamine hydrochloride | 3458-98-8 | C8H11NO*ClH |
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3-羟基癸酸 | 3-hydroxydecanoic acid | 14292-26-3 | C10H20O3 |
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3-羟基环己烷羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 3-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate | 94160-25-5 | C9H16O3 |
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3-羟基环己烷羧酸 | 3-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid | 606488-94-2 | C7H12O3 |
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3-羟基环丁烷羧酸甲酯 | methyl 3-cis-hydroxycyclobutane-1-carboxylate | 4934-99-0 | C6H10O3 |
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3-羟基氮杂环丁烷-1-羧酸芴-9-甲基酯 | (9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methyl 3-hydroxyazetidine-1-carboxylate | 886510-13-0 | C18H17NO3 |
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3-羟基戊二酸 | diethyl 3-hydroxypentanedioate | 638-18-6 | C5H8O5 |
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3-羟基己酸 | 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid | 10191-24-9 | C6H12O3 |
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3-羟基对乙酰氨基酚 | 3-Hydroxyacetaminophen | 37519-14-5 | C8H9NO3 |
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3-羟基壬酸 | (R)-3-hydroxynonanoic acid | 33796-87-1 | C9H18O3 |
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3-羟基四氢呋喃 | 3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran | 453-20-3 | C4H8O2 |
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3-羟基哌啶盐酸盐 | piperidin-3-ol hydrochloride | 64051-79-2 | C5H12NO*Cl |
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3-羟基吗啉-4-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 3-hydroxymorpholine-4-carboxylate | 1097871-14-1 | C9H17NO4 |
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3-羟基丙酸苄酯 | benzyl 3-hydroxypropanoate | 14464-10-9 | C10H12O3 |
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3-羟基丙酸乙酯 | ethyl 3-hydroxypropanoate | 623-72-3 | C5H10O3 |
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3-羟基丙脒盐酸盐(1:1) | 3-hydroxypropanimidamide hydrochloride | 53868-56-7 | C3H8N2O*ClH |
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3-羟基丙基月桂酸酯 | dodecanoic acid 3-hydroxypropyl ester | 10108-22-2 | C15H30O3 |
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3-羟基丁醛 | acetaldol | 107-89-1 | C4H8O2 |
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3-羟基-N,N-二乙基苯胺 | 3-diethylaminophenol | 91-68-9 | C10H15NO |
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3-羟基-6-甲基吡啶-2-甲酸 | 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid | 14162-88-0 | C7H7NO3 |
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3-羟基-5-碘苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 3-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate | 2615-71-6 | C9H10O3 |
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3-羟基-5-碘苯甲酸 | 3-hydroxy-5-iodobenzoic acid | 50765-21-4 | C7H5IO3 |
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3-羟基-5-硝基苯腈 | 3-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzonitrile | 929000-02-2 | C7H4N2O3 |
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3-羟基-5-硝基苯甲酸 | 3-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzoic acid | 78238-14-9 | C7H5NO5 |
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3-羟基-5-甲氧基苯甲醇 | 3-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzenemethanol | 30891-29-3 | C8H10O3 |
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3-羟基-5-甲基-2-硝基吡啶 | 5-methyl-2-nitropyridin-3-ol | 15128-88-8 | C6H6N2O3 |
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3-羟基-5-甲基-2-噻吩羧酸甲酯 | methyl 3-hydroxy-5-methylthiophene-2-carboxylate | 5556-22-9 | C7H8O3S |
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3-羟基-5-三氟甲基-2-噻吩羧酸甲酯 | methyl 3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate | 157162-16-8 | C7H5F3O3S |
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3-羟基-5-(三氟甲基)苯甲酸 | 3-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid | 328-69-8 | C8H5F3O3 |
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3-羟基-5,5-二甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮 | dimedone | 3471-13-4 | C8H12O2 |
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3-羟基-4-(三氟甲基)苯甲腈 | 3-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile | 731002-50-9 | C8H4F3NO |
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3-羟基-4-苄氧基苯甲醛 | 4-benzyloxy-3-hydroxy-benzaldehyde | 4049-39-2 | C14H12O3 |
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3-羟基-4-碘苯甲醛 | 3-hydroxy-4-iodobenzaldehyde | 135242-71-6 | C7H5IO2 |
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3-羟基-4-碘苯甲酸 | 3-hydroxy-4-iodobenzoic acid | 58123-77-6 | C7H5IO3 |
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3-羟基-4-硝基苯甲醛 | 5-formyl-2-nitrophenol | 704-13-2 | C7H5NO4 |
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3-羟基-4-硝基苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoate | 713-52-0 | C8H7NO5 |
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3-羟基-4-硝基苯甲腈 | 3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzonitrile | 18495-15-3 | C7H4N2O3 |
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3-羟基-4-硝基苯乙酮 | 3-OH-4-NO<sub>2</sub>-acetophenone | 89942-63-2 | C8H7NO4 |
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3-羟基-4-硝基苄基三甲基乙酸盐 | 3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzyl pivalate | 929095-34-1 | C12H15NO5 |
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3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯硼酸 | 2-methoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol | 269410-23-3 | C13H19BO4 |
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3-羟基-4-甲基苯甲醛 | 3-hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde | 57295-30-4 | C8H8O2 |
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3-羟基-4-甲基-2-硝基苯甲酸 | 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitro-benzoic acid | 6946-15-2 | C8H7NO5 |
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3-羟基-4-溴苯甲酸 | 4-bromo-3-hydroxybenzoic acid | 14348-38-0 | C7H5BrO3 |
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3-羟基-4-(三氟甲基)苯甲酸 | 3-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid | 126541-87-5 | C8H5F3O3 |
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3-羟基-4-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-2,6-二甲基苯乙腈 | 2-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetonitrile | 55699-10-0 | C14H19NO |
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